The purpose of this study is to examine the process of ‘coaching (administration)’. For that purpose, this study brought in the concept of the management process (VanderZwaag, H. J.) and the administrative process (Hodgkinson, C.), and examined the process model of ‘coaching (administration)’.
As the result of this study, the process of ‘coaching (administration)’ was characterized as follows
1. The process model of ‘coaching (administration)’ consists of philosophy, planning, organizing, managing, and valuating.
2. At the stage of philosophy and planning, the policy of ‘coaching (administration)’ is made.
3. At the stage of organizing and managing, the policy of ‘coaching (admninistration)’ is implemented, and the process of ‘coaching (administration)’ goes on toward the purpose effectively.
4. The last stage of process (valuating) feeds back to the stage of philosophy.
5. The stage of philosophy has the possibility for changing the direction of process through the consideration of value.

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In diesem Studium wird der Wandelprozeß von der “Leibeserziehung” zur “Sporterziehung” in der BRD folgenderweise analysiert.
1. Der Grundcharakter der Leibeserziehung wird erklärt.
2. Es wind analysiert, was man in Bezug auf die Leibeserziehung unter den Einflüssen des außerschulischen Sportes kritisiert hat, und wie die Leibeserziehung abgelöst wurde.
3. Der Grundcharakter der Sporterziehung, der nach der Ablösung des Begriffes “Leibeserziehung” entstanden ist, sowie deren Probleme werden herausgearbeitet und erklärt.
Die Theorie der Leibeserziehung in den 50ern und Anfang der 60er Jahre begründete sich aus der bildungstheoretishe Didaktik und der Entwicklungspsychologie. Diese beiden theoretischen Gebiete unterstützten die damalige Praxis, bestehend aus den Bereichen “Gymnasik”, “Turnen”, “Spielen”, “Leichtathletik”, “Schwimmen” und “Tanz”. Vom Ende der 60er Jahre wurden die Einflüsse des außerschulischen Sportes immer stärker und damit drängten sich Muster didaktischer Argumentation auf. In diesen trat die Vorstellung von einer als “Bildung” zu kennzeichnenden menschlichen Gesamtverfassung in Bezug auf die außerschulische Lebenswirklichkeit zurück. Kritisiert hat man besonders das funktionale Bildungsver-ständnis der bildungstheoretischen Didaktik und die Stufen- und Phasenlehre der Entwick-lungspsychologie. Die “Sporterziehung”, die nach der Auflösung der “Leibeserziehung” entstanden ist, hatte eine starke Bindung an das Thema “Freizeit” und reduzierte die spezifische Aufgabe des Faches auf die Verbesserung der konditionellen Grundlagen und Vermittlung motorischer Fertigkeiten. Der Wechsel von “Leibeserziehung” zu “Sporterziehung” wurde nicht von der pädagogischen Idee angeregt, sondern von der Notwendigkeit der Anpassung des Faches an den außerschulischen Sport.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the student attitude level toward physical education class and the student motor skill level on the teacher-student verbal behavior. The subjects were 521 students in 15 physical education classes instructed by 6 junior high school physical education teachers and 2 senior high school physical education teachers.
Main findings were as follows;
1) The teacher-student verbal behavior was affected by the student attitude toward physical education class.
2) The students of high level on the attitude toward physical education class tended to increase the verbal behavior to teacher with the improvement of motor skills.
3) The teacher-student verbal behavior was affected by the student motor skill level.
4) The students of high level on the motor skill tended to increase the teacher-student verbal behavior in the management activity.

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The purposes of this study were to clarify features of sprinting forms of ball game players, and to examine rational sprinting forms for ball game players. Subjects were 33 male ball game players such as soccer and rugby (defined as B group), 19 male sprinters (included long jumpers, S group) and 9 untrained males (U group). Sprinting forms of subjects were recorded by high speed video-camera from right side. Dynamic variables which were obtained from video analysis were compared among three groups, and in each group, the coeffients of correlation were calculated among variables.
Results were as follows:
1) Running velocity and stride ratio (stride/body height) were excellent S, B, U group in that order. B group showed smaller ratio of contact time to air time than S group.
2) In B group, there was significant correlation between the ratio of contact time to air time and the leg angle at the moment of take-off.
3) High step frequency was one of the features of ball game players sprinting.
4) B group showed remarkable flexion of knee in contact phase in comparison with S group.

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This study investigated the development of level and type of anaerobic power exerted by 7-sec pedalling exercise with special reference to age, sex and body height as an index of growth. Subjects were 92 boys and 90 girls from 4th to 6th grade of elementary school (E 4-E 6) and from 1st to 3rd grade of junior and senior high school (J 1-J 3, S 1-S 3). Pear power/BW and peak frequency of revolution during 7-sec pedalling were measured at torques of 0.04BW, 0.06BW, 0.08BW and 0.1BW. The level of anaerobic power was determined by peak power/BW at each torque. The type of anaerobic power was determined by the coefficients of linear equation representing relationship between torque and peak frequency of revolution. Results were as follows;
1) Peak power/BW at each torque increased remarkably from E 4 to J 1 or J 2 for both sexes. Significant sexual difference was recognized at any torque in and after J 2.
2) Peak power/BW for both sexes at each torque increased with increasing body height. But peak power/BW of boys compared with girls and individual difference of peak power/BW for both sexes tended to be greater in higher body height and at larger torque. In the latter case, the difference was greater for girls than for boys.
3) The type of anaerobic power for both sexes shifted from speed type to strength type during E 4 and J 2 or J 3. The type for boys compared with girls was strength type in and after J 2.
4) The type of anaerobic power for both sexes shifted from speed type to strength type with increasing of body height. Sexual difference of the type was not recognized at any body height. Individual difference of the type was greater at any body height for both sexes.
These results will be useful findings for establishing measurement and training methods of anaerobic power with special reference to age, sex and body height.

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The purpose of this study was to obtain fundamental data on walking to maintain and/or improvement for aerobic work capacity. In order to accomplish the purpose, this study was investigated for the effects of step frequency (SF) alteration on oxygen uptake (VO₂) during fixed speed walking and to compare males with females on this point. Ten male and eight female university students participated in this study as subjects. The subjects walked on a treadmill at four different speeds, i.e. 60, 80, 100 and 120m/min, and they performed five 6min altered SF walkings at each speed. The five trials involved walking with a freely chosen step frequency (FCSF) and a FCSF altered by +10%, +20%, -10% and -20%, However, females did not walk with the -20% SF at 120m/min.
The main results obtained were as follows.
1) Of all the SF conditions mean ΔVO₂% was the highest with the -20% SF walking at each speed for both males and females. Furthermore, the relationship of SF condition to mean ΔVO₂% of males and females indicated U-shaped curves at each speed.
2) Although there were some differences in the relation of SF conditions to mean ΔVO₂% among the four speeds, there were no significant differences in mean ΔVO₂% between males and females at each speed.
3) The mean VO₂(ml/kg·100 steps) with -20% SF walking was the highest at each speed and then it decreased gradually as the SF increased for both males and females.
4) The results of this study suggest that walking with a longer step length is recommended in order to maintain and/or improve aerobic work capacity at a speed in excess of 100m/min for males and 80m/min for females.

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