This research is the one that I perceive to the accuracy improvement of the floater service that is one of the skill of volleyball. The volleyball men and unmen of experience dose the practice for the service accuracy improvement in the short period and for the purpose of that service accuracy announces how improves to the immediate effect target. Doing the experiment I understood that there is the big difference in the improvement of the service accuracy of the volleyball men and unmen of experience. As the result, I device the practice menu suitable for both groups and it's shall make the help in the top that thinks the service practice method for each game level.

  In this research, the purpose and the content of those who executed the Masters swimming who were the athletic meet according to the age were investigated, and the continuance factor was examined.

  As for the continuance years high, "Those who begin pleasure swimming while attending school" was high in the male. "Masters swimming beginning<32 years old - 41-years old>" is high in the female, it continues for ten years after executes it in addition, and the continuance years afterwards are high.

  It was 28.3% which is performing Masters swimming in the swimmers who had registered with the swimming club of school days. The reason not executed was a loss of the purpose of records and technical ability improvement of the self.

  For the male, improvement pursuit in records and technical was made in the continuation of the Masters swimming 3-10 years, and pursuit of the amusement was made in ten years or more. Pursuit of the amusement is maintaining records and pleasure and pastime.

  For the female, improvement pursuit in records and technical was made on the both sides for 3-10 year and ten years or more

  Recently, number of persons engaging in endurance training for the purpose of promoting their health levels was increasing. Although jogging/running is a convenient and popular endurance exercise, several epidemiological reports suggest that athletes engaging in endurance training are at increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI).

  This study was consisted of two researches. As a research I, collection methods for neutrophils in peripheral blood (B-PMN) were establisheb using chemiluminescent technique. Changes in M- and B-PMN activity levels of young trained swimmers during a 5-month long training period were observed in a research II.

  In the research I, healthy six male were recruited as participants with informed consent. As a mouthwash, 200 ml of ice-cold physiological saline was used for two collection methods, gargle was carried out in a looking upward position and mouth was rinsed out in a looking downward position (upward method and downward method, respectively). According to the result, because very small amount of neutrophils were obtained by the upward method. the downward method is thought to be preferable. Luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (LmCL and LgCL, respectively) were measured by a parallel luminometer. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation was indicated by peak height (PH) and peak time (PT). Mean level of PH in opsonized zymosan stimulated LmCL and LgCL of M-PMN were very smaller than those of B-PMN. The result suggests that M-PMN has lower generating activity of ROS.

  In the research II, four male and two female competitive swimmers were recruited as participants with informed consent. The training load was increased to a peak load of about 6,000 m/day in December and gradual tapering of training load was observed from January to March. B-PMN yields showed a similar manner of changes to the training load. On the other hand, peak yield of M-PMN was observed at March. The M- and B-PMN activity levels were measured by LmCL and LgCL using the parallel luminometer. Mean levels of PT in LmCL and LgCl of B-PMN were prolonged, and mean levels of PH in LgCL were decreased at March. However, those were decreased in the tapering period, March. In conclusion, these results in the research II suggest that non-specific immune system represented by M- and B-PMN responsible for phagocytosis of many microbial, bacterial and viral pathogens is manipulated by the training load and the risk of URTI are at increased in the tapering period.

This research paper summarizes moments of reflection on Chinese PE classes and subjects of future reform following study of Japanese PE classes during a research visit to Japan.

China revised its educational guidelines in 2001 and has entered a new educational stage. With that in mind, I would like to learn from Japanese PE classes and seek a new direction in Chinese middle school PE calasses.

1. Extractmoments of reflection and issues in middle school PE classes before the revision of Chinese educational guidelines in 2001.

2. Characteristics of PE educational guidelines established for the purpose of reforming PE instruction.

3. Why do we need to reform PE classes?

4. Issues in middle school PE classes prior to the revision of the Chinese educational guidelines in 2001.

5. The situation in middle school PE classes under the existing educational guidelines that were revised in 1998 and reform subjects with respect to Chinese middle school PE classes.

  1) PE classes in Japan are relatively ideal.

  2) In Addition to physical training and mastering of techniques, importance is placed on personal interests and ability to proactively tackle and solve social issues for the benefit of human prosperity.

  3) It is expected to sufficiently incorporate the result of "Brain Science and Education" research that has developed remarkably these days, and taking into consideration how male and female brains work, bring out and enhance the potential of individuals.