[Purpose]

In rugby, due to the frequent rule revision considering continuity of play, in-playing time and the number of breakdowns have been increased. This leads to many tackles in a game. Players on the ground are forbidden to play, therefore getting up immediately after tackling has become more important. However, most of previous papers about tackling were to consider the safety, and papers about reloading were very limited. Thus, this paper focused on tackler’s postures after they tackled the ball carrier and knocked him to the ground. After classifying four types of tacklers’ postures, the object was to analyze and compare four postures about succession of reloading.

[Methods]

8 rugby games were set as examples, and 1,468 tackles were subjected to the notational analysis of game performance. 4 postures were categorized and recorded. “Mounting”, “Facing down”, “Sideways”and “Facing up”. Succession of reloading was defined as players standing up and being able to join the next defensive phase. Failure of reloading was defined as players still lying on the ground, or being in front of the offside line even if they were standing up.

[Results]

As a result,“Mounting” had the highest ratio of succession of reloading compared to other postures significantly. (p<0.05). The result showed that the number and ratio of succession/failure for reloading followed by 4 different postures respectively. “Mounting” had 202 successions (65.0%) /109 failures (35.0%), “Facing down” had 174 successions (49.7%) /76 failures (50.3%), “Sideways” had 195 successions (36.9%) /347 failures (64.0%), and “Facing up” had 93 successions (35.1%) /172 failures (64.9%).

[Discussion/Conclusion]

The present paper suggested how to increase successful rates of reloading. This revealed that taking the mount when the tacklers tackled the ball carrier and knocked him to the ground was most effective. However, this paper wasn’t analyzed the influences of reloading on game appearance. Moreover, the target subject of paper was very limited, therefore further studies are needed in future.

In this paper, we will take up a case of sudden deterioration of a student's physical condition that occurred in a PE class (mini soccer) of a public junior high school third grader. Then, we try to raise the question about the suitability of first aid behavior from the legal point of view required of PE teachers and school nurses. The purpose is to have PE teachers and school nurses who are in a position to provide first aid in a sudden change case reconsider their own first aid method. In addition, although the concept of first aid methods has changed significantly due to the spread of AED, it should be noted that the existence of AED was not common at the end of the trials discussed in this paper.

Sports education simply evaluates the essential characteristics of sports themselves and makes them a viable element of PE. Sports education means "teaching sports" and is conceptualized as "education of sports itself". If so, in order to justify the rationality of Sports education, the essential characteristics of sports must be clarified. In this paper, I would like to present an essay on the rationality of Sports education from the perspectives of "play education" and "exercise education," especially "coexistence with sports."