With The Internet VPN system of IPsec, construction sites can be connected with broadband network. But overseas sites, small-scale construction sites and loaned employees still connect with narrowband network. Because of the security system (i. e. Firewall, NAT), IPsec-VPN cannot use for the above network. And when the ID and password are stolen, it is easy to access to the company network from the world in secret. So we developed the new system that connects SSL-VPN and biometrics system simply. By using this system with a fingerprint, we can connect them safely. And we can cut cost to 35%.

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For better evaluation of hazardous area affected by the slope failures as well as landslides, the web-based Slope Stability Evaluation model (SSE-web) has been constructed. In the SSE-web, the relationship between the “past slope failures” and the “causal factors (i. e., satellite remote sensing data, geographical information)” are constructed. The SSE-web consists of the following systems, i) Pre-processing system, ii) Analysis system, iii) Post-processing system, and iv) Information providing and management system. The functions for making the causal factors belong to the pre-processing system. Through the analysis system, the factor analysis could be carried out on the slope stability evaluation. The post-processing system supports the editorial works on the slope stability evaluation maps as well as the analysis results. Furthermore, the post-processing system assumes a role to provide and manage those data sets. The system designs on the SSE-web might be a good guide for constructing the related system of spatial-data integration and analysis under the internet-environment.

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Based on a new IT technology-Geographic Information System (GIS), this paper presents a new slope analysis approach which can be used to identify the possible slope failure bodies from complicated topography. In a system, all slope-related spatial information (vector or raster dataset) are integrated; the study area is divided into Slope Unit which possesses approximate inclination; assuming the initial slip to be the lower part of an ellipsoid, the 3-D critical slip surface in the 3-D slope stability analysis is located by minimizing the 3-D safety factor using the Monte Carlo random simulation.
The system 3DSlopeGIS has been validated based on the results of three cases study. Based on numerous times Monte Carlo simulation (30 millions per 1kre² range), the possible slope failure bodies have been identified which is impossible by using transitional slope stability analyses.

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This paper proposes the outline of the river project model firstly. The XML Schema, which is similar to the rulebook, is developed for the river survey model. It is also the major prerequisite to the product models. With it the development of various applications becomes possible. Then, a new system for practicing these XML data is introduced. This research focuses on the setting up of the river survey model from investigation, plan and design stage during all the construction lifecycle period by using XML technology.

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Check is important, and when carrying out maintenance management of a vast quantity of bridges, it is to foundations. In the detailed investigation from which abnormalities are discovered and repair obtains the data of the required judgment of how, and repair method-of-construction selection, it measures also in check using the investigation apparatus of exclusive use. However, there are the various investigation methods, it must judge synthetically from expense, measurement accuracy, local conditions, an actual result, etc., and measurement apparatus must be selected. In this research, in order to support selection of the measurement apparatus in a detailed investigation stage, the measurement apparatus DB which can be perused on the Internet was built by XML. It can search from the reference from a damage result, and an apparatus classification. And the validity of DB built for the check engineer was checked.

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We examined the practical use and cost effectiveness of GIS in a road field. Practical use performed the modeling of road field business, and the application software which supports about 50 business was examined based on subject grasp of the present business. The output of this examination is the “GIS practical use guideline” for considering as reference, when introducing application software in each office. Cost effectiveness perceived the effect (increase in efficiency of business) for the office personnel who are the direct user of GIS as an effect which GIS introduced, and has grasped the effect. As a result of calculation, “when sharing of the application softwareb eyond the section was assumed”, especially the effect brought a desirable result with collection period three years.

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This paper outlines an experiment for the computerization and streamlining of the maintenance and management activities for expressways, which is underway at an operation office of Japan Highway Public Corporation. This experiment is conducted in line with the CALS/EC promotion led by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport The main focus of the experiment is set on the following points:
A. Linking of the overall plan view of road (CAD data) with various kinds of maintenance and management data.
B. Procedures for modifying or updating an overall plan view of road during a partial improvement work or similar work in association with contractors using information-sharing systems.
C. Use of web-based technologies to share and retrieve information such as instructions, petitions or reports relating to the contents of work.
Improvement of manegement quality and expense reduction, improvment of a response are planned by these comquterization. As a result, data and a serch of information became comfortable in comparison with the past. In addition it led to quality improvement such as a drawing or information.

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The slopes along the railway lines occasionally get complex kinds of disaster on the natural slope due to raining. However, systematization using IT has been difficult because of high cost with the vast area and the lack of communication convenience. This study shows the proposal and the result of monitoring system for railway slope disaster prevention making use of the recent IT. This enables the complement for manual inspection, stable watching for the slope until completing the countermeasure and the detection of disaster on crucial slopes. This consists on the cheap and multipurpose equipments, such as a simple detection sensor, alarm sender and receiver, and spectrum spread wireless transfer system which is usable to send animations and data. This has been already introduced on a part of the slopes along the Tokaido Shinkansen and the old railroad lines. This is expected to complement the lack of engineer caused by less birth in the future.

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This paper aims to investigate a color-harmony decision method of a color evaluation system in bridge landscapes, which will present a reasonable and quantitative color-index for color selection of bridge design. Firstly, using a color image questionnaire in the Semantic Differential technique for bridge landscapes, its factor analysis clarifies their basic color-image structures. Then, from three color values of the Hue, Saturation and Bri ghtness for some bridge landscape compoments of color images using an image software, harmony characteristics among colors of bridge and its backgrounds are evaluated by the scenary index/-value and parameters in the Moon-Spensar's Color Harmony Theory using the present color evaluation method. Finally, an applicability and validity of the color-harmony decision method to bridge landscapes are discussed comparing with bridge color-image structures.

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Recently, the technology of 3D-GIS (Geography Information System) has developed. And, three-dimensional modeling of the city structure had proceeded rapidly. Furthermore, it became possible that a three-dimensional space can be analyzed by the combination with the attribute information of the three-dimensional model. And, it is easy to express the result of the analysis.
In this research, we studied about an electric wave route for satellite simulation system based on the development of 3D-GIS technology. Then, we must consider electric wave route being blocked by structures. Moreover, we verified the result of this system.

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A service for providing spatial information is increasing recently. This service is easily used by a personal computer or a mobile phone. It is important that a digital map has a lot of attributes on the spatial service. However, making attributes of digital maps requires a great deal of time and money. Therefore, it is difficult to define attributes of spatial data and to produce these values. The purpose of the present research is to develop a system that can produce and update automatically attributes of the digital map by searching them on web pages. Moreover, a function for searching spatial information with the keyword of natural language is implemented.

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Land subsidence in the Northern Kanto Plain has continued by groundwater abstraction. It has triggered direct and indirect damage to infrastructure in the objective area. Local governments are faced with the necessity of taking countermeasures against past damage and the probable occurrence of damage in the future. Based on the above-mentioned situation, this study is intended to construct a GIS-aided damage estimation map for existing infrastructures. It presents estimates for damage caused by land subsidence. Such a map would support decision making for local governments and provide information to citizens in the disaster area. Moreover, analysis using a GIS-assisted hazard map reveals the relation between predicted settlement of land subsidence and the present situation of infrastructure distribution. Such analyses will facilitate a priori determination of countermeasures against land subsidence-induced damage.

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Since the big-scale Hanshin-Awaji earthquake disaster, the problem is considered related to earthquake damage and seismic preparedness plan. The importance of soft technology for disaster prevention is also recognized. In this study, based on estimation of damage at early stage in the earthquake disaster, we propose the methodology to utilize the information about earthquake damage supporting system and operating system of emergent goods transportation for possibility of quick and accurate emergency measure. Furthermore, this paper shows the convenience store has been utilized in order to supply drinking water and food just after the earthquake.

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The alternatives which each subject satisfies in a participation in municipal affairs type agreement formation stage are shown, and it has deliberations. In case these alternatives are created, it is important to determine on which design element emphasis is put. Also for the reason, it is necessary to grasp the relation between various sensitivities and evaluation, and the relation between evaluation and a design element for every subject. In this research, it carried out for most girder bridges of the number of bridge construction. How to create the alternatives at the time of agreement formation efficiently for every subject from two or more design concepts is shown using coefficient of correlation computed by quantification theory typel as an index which shows the influence degree to evaluation. The relation between various sensitivities and a design element was turned DB on the Internet. The system which can support alternatives was built using XML.

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In this paper, a Pavement Management Accounting System application (in brief, PMAS application) is presented to control the life cycle costs of road pavement. The aim of the PMAS application is to provide the decision makers with the planning information regarding repair strategies and the accounting information on the asset values for the efficient asset management of road pavement. By comparing alternative accounting schemes, the authors conclude that the maintenance accounting is the best accounting scheme for the efficient asset management of road pavement. The PMAS for the asset management is constructed by applying the maintenance accounting scheme. The validity of the PMAS presented in this paper is investigated through case studies conducted for Mie Prefecture in Japan.

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In this research, the plane view for road management which authors developed in the past was made into the portal site, and improvement in functional of the prototype system which a figure, position information, attribute information, and incidental information linked per route was aimed at. Specifically, the alignment information on a completion road was restored from the alignment figure, it is giving a definition strictly as public coordinates, the gap of the position as road property was lost, and long-term asset-management was attained. Moreover, the survey examination by reference by GPS is alsoperforming the method of restoring coordinates from an alignment figure. Furthermore, the accident protocol was database-ized by XML and accident analysis, and reference and extraction were attained by making it link with a plane view as an attribute. And matching with an adjoining self-governing body's management figure can be taken now by having enabled it to also define the point of contact of a management classification figure or a drainage figure.

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In maintenance process of concrete highway bridges, management engineers' share increases. For reducing engineers' share, it is necessary that the presented business process is innovated, and the new business process is constructed.
In this paper, To-be model was constructed for the new maintenance business process model in concrete highway bridges. Project Management and systematic conservation were applied to To-be model. The role of maintenance engineer was redefined by applying PM. To-be model was constructed for defining efficient and systematic maintenance process by applying systematic conservation.

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This paper proposes a standardization of a bridge inspection data, in order to enable to practice Bridge Management System (BMS) efficiently, and to carry out a data share in two or more management organizations. Moreover, in order to create a standardization of a bridge inspection data efficiently and to accumulate it, an updating procedure of a bridge inspection data using damage figure drawing support system is proposed. A standardization of a bridge inspection data consists of information of a bridge inventory data and a bridge inspection data to perform a share and an exchange of data smoothly. The damage figure drawing support system makes use of tablet PC that can be used on the inspection site.

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This research aims at the further improvement in functional of the prototype system for achieve consensus using 3-D GIS by VR technology built in the past. Specifically, the opinion and request which were obtained in the hearing in a public hearing, a use explanation meeting, etc. after a prototype systems configuration were taken in as an additional function. They are improvement in accuracy, the data name display of object data, arbitrary animation route setting functions, and the animation execution function of an object with an event execution switch. And the built function was shown to the agreement formation participant and an effect, necessity, etc. were checked by the hearing.

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Measurement and analysis of rampart's status are performed in rampart restoration. And, a part to be restored and an unnecessary part are investigated from the analysis result. The part to be restored is usually investigated using the sectional view. However, modification can be grasped only in the position that the sectional view is created. There, we tried to grasp curvature change of the whole rampart face by performing measurement and analysis of the overall form of the rampart using 3D laser profiler, and to pinpoint a part to be restored and an unnecessary part visually. By this method it become possible to grasp the state of the detailed whole rampart face, it also became possible to grasp the local modification overlooked until now. Furthermore, since modification was visually expressed as a color spectrum picture, the practical use was also attained as data that show the necessity for restoration etc.

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Recently, CALS/EC is quickly promoted with a development of information technology. CALS/EC aims at an increase in efficiency of business by carrying out an information exchange, cooperation, share, and reuse for digital results in the process of the life cycle of investigation, plan, design, construction, and maintenance management in public works. In CALS/EC, it is observed about a utilization of 3D information for CAD or GIS. In order to promote CALS/EC in the future, it is very important to utilize the 3D information. The purpose of this present research is a reference investigation about the practical utilization of 3D information in construction industry. Moreover, the present condition of practical utilization of the 3D information on construction industry was analyzed.

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A 3-dimensional model has an effect as a means for presentation of information. In recent years, it is used in various fields. Therefore, the effective techniques for generating of a 3-dimensional model have been proposed by using the photogrammetry. However, the practical technique in automatic creation of the 3-dimensional model that needs neither expertise nor expensive equipments is not realized. The reason is that the technique about automatic acquisition of the corresponding points, which are the same points between two sheets of the pictures, is not established. Then, in this research, we establish the automatic acquisition of corresponding points by using the continuation of information of the digital animation. And we aim at an establishment of the system that enables easily everyone to create 3-dimensional model by only photographing an object using a digital video camera.

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The objective of this study is to propose a new method to simulate the granular flow with Cellular Automata (CA). First, it is demonstrated through the preparatory numerical experiment that Moore-neighborhood is reasonable as a basic rule to realize the effect of gravity. However, the rule in which only the effect of gravity is taken into consideration is not satisfactory. Then, the effect of friction between the grains and between the grain and wall is combined into the rule. Rice grains are used in the experiment of granular flow. The results of experiment of granular flow are compared with the simulation by the method proposed in this study.

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Drainage of a road surface is very important. While environmental conditions, such as an increase in local severe rain in recent years, are also changing, reservation of safe and smooth road traffic becomes difficult more often. In this research, the flow of the water of a road surface was modeled using the cellular automaton. It aims at building the drainage simulation model of a bridge road surface. The interval of various slopes and drain is assumed and analyzed using standard rain on-the-strength 90 mm/h of space and Osaka divided into many cells, and a bridge road surface drainage simulation is performed. And the obtained result is verified and it examines whether drain is functioning normally.

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In this research, the highway design model based on distance information applying the parametric alignment model of highway alignment was developed. In development of a highway design-information-model, the composition elements of road was arranged by the object oriented analysis of the Road Structure Ordinance, and a lane, a shoulder, a center strip, a sidewalk and accessory structure (a protection fence, trees, signs) were extracted as a objects of this research. As an application system of a design-information-model, the Highway Sequence Editor (HSE) was developed, and while the built model was effective. Moreover, it was shown that the design-informationdata built by this system is described by XML, the structure is also simple, and it is possible to deal with it as unific design information.

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In this research, we developed a product model for steel girder bridges based on IFC of IAI and implemented the model by using ifcXML. Next, as it is difficult to obtain stereoscopic views when we use only 3D CAD systems for designing complicated structures such as steel girder bridges, CAD users tend to be confused. Thus, we developed a virtual reality (VR) design system that satisfies the sense of immersion by stereoscopic views with both left and right eyes, feedback by sensors, and the interactivity with computers, and applied the VR system to steel girder bridge design. The system is integrated with the developed product model by enabling the interoperability among the product model data, the VR system, and a 3D CAD system. The system was verified by applying it to a real bridge design.

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In this research, we reconstructed and remodeled the product model, which was developed by the subcommittee of design information of the committee of applied computing in civil engineering, JSCE, based on basic lines and surfaces. In the new model, blocks such as plate girders and box girders are aligned with basic lines, and sub elements such as stiffeners and ribs are attached to parent elements in a surface to surface manner. We used XML (Extensible Markup Language) for implementation of the model, and used VBA (Visual Basic for Application) for developing a converter program that enables modeling the product model instance files in a 3D CAD system. The model and the converter program were applied to real steel girders and the interoperability was verified.

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In recent years, in the manufacture industry, a 3D-model is used in the life cycle of a product very well. Various 3D CADs have been developed because advanced engineers demand on utilizing a 3D model. But, 2D CAD is still used mainly because many civil engineers cannot treat of 3D CAD efficiently. On the other hand, most of CAD cannot generate a 3D model data from an existing 2D drawing. Therefore, this research aims at that everyone can generate the 3D wire frame model data from orthographical three views easily.

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In this research, in order to apply the product model that we had been developing for prestressed concrete bridges to engineering practices, we developed a more user-friendly and general-purpose converter program to enable the interoperability between the product model and a 3D CAD system. By using this converter program, the uses can transfer and develop product models and CAD data rapidly and easily. Furthermore, in order to expand the utilization of the product model to construction sites, we developed a simple size checking system, which compares a photograph taken with a digital camera at a site and a perspective view image produced from the product model data of the structure. These systems were applied to real PC structures and were verified.

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As the CALS/EC has been improved in civil engineering construction, the various drawings, such as CAD data, and it is important to utilize CAD data effectively when considering rationalization of construction.
Based on these backgrounds, this paper reports the new construction management system, which used 3-dimensiona product data for earth-moving machinery at the earthwork site, and verifies the availability in using this system. Although the big effect was acquired in machine construction and construction management by introduction this system, it became clear the problem about the cost of system introduction and system maintenance etc.

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With the development of CALS/EC, it is expected that next generation CALS should focuses on the improvement of whole lifecycle by using electronic information. At present, the construction process mainly depends on the blueprint and human-power. This is opposite to the promotion of IT application to construction engineering field. So it is important to improve the construction process by using IT technology, or IT construction.
Being a tool to improve the construction process, the concept of IT road working-form management is proposed in this paper. Moreover, the verified experiment was made in a road project. By comparing its effectiveness with the traditional working-form management method, it is very apparent that the new method can shorten the practical period greatly.

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With the development of IT technology, the next generation of CALSIEC is expected to improve the whole construction process. In order to implement this new CALS/EC, it is necessary to optimize the construction process by using the information technology.
In this paper, firstly, the present topographic checking is questioned because it is a very important item in road construction period. Then, the process of topographic checking is analyzed from the viewpoint of IT construction. After that, a new business system is suggested. In order to verify its effectiveness, a pilot project is fmished with the data model of the system. At last, this new IT construction method is compared with traditional construction method to show their difference

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Collaborative and intelligent construction means production system that rationalizes construction by applying information technology to utilize a great variety of information. This paper presents pre-survey, framework of representation being possible to utilize data, general framework of processing data and managing information to assess construction profile, and development of prototype of construction information management system, which are included in study on framework of construction profile to support the collaborative and intelligent construction system.

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For better supporting in making the land-use plans, the Spread sheet-based supporting system for the Land-Use Concept planning (Sp-LUC) are newly designed and constructed. As the kernel system, the land-use capability classification model (Kojima and Obayashi, 1991) integrating the satellite remote sensing data jointly with the geographical information is introduced. The Sp-LUC consists of the following systems; i) Pre-processing system, ii) Analysis system, iii) Post-processing system, and iv) Information providing & management system. The pre-processing system and the post-processing system are operated under the internet-environment, while the analysis system could be executed in the spread-sheet environment. Furthermore, the analysis system is equipped with the following two sub-systems; i) the land use capability classification system, and ii) the mutual regulation supporting system based on the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Processing) method. The system designs on the Sp-LUC might be a good guide for constructing the cooperating system on the spatial data integration and analysis under the spread sheet-and the internet-environment.

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In recent years, the survey is performed for repair, such as a bridge and a building built in past, spending great expense. And it is anxious for the survey technique that doesn't need cost and time more. Then, we made an idea of the technique of precise 3D model creation by 2D pictures. However, the technique of performing the improvement in accuracy of convergent photographing and automatic acquisition of corresponding points was not established.
Therefore, in this research, we try to obtain a semi-automation of corresponding points acquisition from initial corresponding points and the improvement in accuracy of convergent photographing. Moreover, we applied the research to the used house of Japanese real estate, and the applicable field was selected as the high needs of the residence of 3D model. And we developed the system that everyone could create Web/3D model house by VRML easily without requiring expensive apparatuses or expertise.

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Traffic safety measures are generally designed based on historical traffic accident data. Therefore it is difficult for us to evaluate the exact effect of proposed junction modifications until the works are constructed and new accident data gathered. In particular, safety improvements may be designed in accordance with existing traffic flows, but the characteristics of traffic flow will change once the improvements are made. To address this problem, we examined the use of micro-traffic simulation using software packages NETSIM and Simr to model the effect of junction safety improvements. Actual case studies were modelled, and as a result, new safety evaluation techniques for junctions are proposed.

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The objective of this study is to develop the convenient simulation system of the spreading fires at an earthquake. Generally, it requires a tremendous labor to make the data which are used for this kind of simulation. This system needs some attribute data and the coordinate of each residence which can be picked up with a digital residential map in a simple manner besides the data about the wind direction, wind velocity and seismic intensity. A work file is produced with the basic data and the simulation of the spreading fire is formulated as the shortest route problem, which is solved by the Dijkstra's algorithm. The results of the simulation can be shown on the digital residential map of computer display.

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