Training of Environmental Risk Manager is important problem for the society to build ability to response environmental impact caused by urban industrial activity. “Environmental Risk Manager Training Program” of Osaka University tries to develop Environmental Risk Manager and the skill standard. In this research, we apply knowledge mining technology to lecture contents to improve Environmental Risk Manager Skill Standard.

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In recent years, it is placed a special emphasis on the soft disaster prevention approach as well as the hard disaster prevention approach in considering disaster prevention countermeasures. In this study, a computer simulation system for evacuation as a practical system for soft disaster prevention countermeasure is proposed using a simulation database stored various evacuation cases. Concretely, various types of evacuation simulations are carried out using the cellular automata approach that is skillful in the simulation for complex system, and the simulation results are leaned and stored in the database by the use of a neural network. An efficient system utilizing as a countermeasure is developed, and then it is convenient for a manager as well as users of the building to search and extract required data easily.

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It is necessary for settling on the maintenance plan of a road to predict a traffic volume in the future by analyzing and grasping the current traffic volume. Until now, investigators manually measure the traffic volume with the counter. Recently, with a development of information technology, there are researches that can automatically be measured using the digital video camera. However, the existing researches have a problem that they can' t correctly measure the flow of moving object in case another objects exists. Therefore, automatic measurement of the flow of moving object is not realized.
In this research, a direction vector of moving object is calculated. Moving object is identified based on angle and size of direction vector. And, we developed the system that could correctly measure the flow of people based on the result of identify of moving object.

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This paper describes the development and systematization of processing technique of a large amount of 3-D points to reduce the processing load due to the increase of the number of points and additional information. Since the surface is measured in detail by the measurement equipment like 3-D laser scanner, data including a large amount of location information is obtained. Because information on the color etc. is also included in data besides the location information, the detailed object model can be made. But the volume of information is so huge that the processing load may grow to cause the serious problem. The proposed technique and system has been developed in order to solve the problem and to make use of the additional data such as color information etc.

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Grid computing is an innovative technology that obtains computing power by using the computer resource through the network. However, grid computing has the possibility to be suered some problems which are either hardware or network failure. The parallel computation of finite element analysis has already been achieved by grid computing. In this paper, some techniques on fault tolerance in grid computing was developed on the parallel finite element analysis. Moreover, the accuracy of this method and the influence for the entire computation time was discussed. From the numerical results, it was found that the number of computing nodes can be modified in the middle of the calculation, and that this technique is ecient for the fault-tolerance to grid computing.

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For better image interpretation of satellite remotely sensed data, an emboss processing based-moving image inducing visual illusion (termed “EMV image”) had been proposed. The applications of the EMV image imply that motion perception inducing visual illusion is effective to extract shape from shading on various image features. As for the subsequent subjects, we have tackled to design and develop a web-based system (i. e., “EMVIS”) for producing the EMV images efficiently. EMVIS consists of the following functions for: i) pre-processing, ii) producing color emboss images and iii) the EMV images. Under the internet-environment, EMVIS has materialized to manage many intermediate files in producing the EMV images, which contributes to support image interpretation for remote sensing data, as well as all kinds of digital images.

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While diversification and accuracy improvement for remote sensing data are being progressed, needs on the application technologies for the spatial data are in the pipeline for the rapid expanding. On the other hand, it is being pointed out that insufficient data providing system for each scene became significant adverse factors as typified by aerial photographs and remote sensing data. This study has conducted comprehensive examinations on how to use the spatial data based on user needs from many points of view, and has carried out many technical developments based on the effective use at each field. It has a feature in validating technologies one by one after accumulating an enormous amount of the spatial data.

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Various types of information systems have been developed in public works along with the advancement of informatization. The geographic identifier such as address indicates the location of objects is often comprising construction information. The gazetteer that ties a variety of geographic identifier mutually contributes to the effective retrieval and use of information in the system with huge construction information.
In this study, first of all, we analyzed the business of public asset management works, and extracted the geographic identifier used in those processes. Moreover, we developed the gazetteer and information retrieval system experimentally compliant with the related standards, and proved the effectiveness of gazetteer in the scenes of construction information retrieval. Finally, we summarized the findings as the guideline for maintenance and operation of the gazetteer in public works.

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Swiss Rail 2000 policy is a significant policy which has adjusted block times between major stations and timings of train departures on their rail network. In this study, we developed a computer system for searching an effective solution of improvement of intercity railway network considering such policy. This calculation system consists a Genetic Algorithm, because it has to solve a “Knapsack Problem”: how much and which sectons sould be improved. We worked out some techniques for the problem with a lot of local solutions and for high-speed calculaton of Expected Value of Traveling Time. As a result of sample calculation of trunk rail network in Kyushu, we found that a policy like Rail 2000 may be a new basic rail policy, because smaller investment can bring out bigger effect considering block times and timings of train departures on the rail network.

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In this paper, we developed demand performance of the user who could use it at the time of the consensus building as product model. We lacked user performance at the time of maintenance and the consensus building in the product model that expressed the shape that had been used by a plan / a design / analysis, CAD till now. A purpose of this product model is to be able to make good use of data of user demand performance except shape at the time of the consensus building. On that occasion, we assume it implementation by ifcXML based on IFC-BRIDGE which we expand IFC aiming at global standards, and was developed. The mutual use of wider data is enabled. I show an application example at the time of the consensus building of the product data which we built. We confirmed it being possible for the output which helped substitute plan making every different person concerned of a renewal point in time and the effectiveness and necessity of the output.

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Global warming and sea-level rise are projected to affect seriously on atolls, which are narrow and low-lying islets on coastal reefs. Coastal erosion or decrease of coastal vegetation would be critical problems for atoll islands. Then, we focused on ground level, land cover and vegetation in the coastal zone, and classified land use of the coastal zone on Majuro atoll. Geographical features and land cover of the coastal zone was able to be divided by using ground truth data acquired in filed investigation, GPS-image, satellite image (IKONOS). Finally, it was proposed that the region where protection measures were necessary and the current state were preserving.

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With a bridge product model named NEW IFC-BRIDGE, a collaborative Augmented Reality (AR) system for the reinforcing bar design, a system showing processes of bar arrangement, and a rebar checking system using AR were developed. Both systems can superimpose virtual simulated objects on either an indoor or an outdoor environment. So engineers are able to carry out design and checking intuitively by observing real and designed reabars at the same time. Prototypes of these three systems were developed. Several indoor and on-site experiments were performed to investigate the applicability and subsequent subjects of these systems.

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This paper proposes a new method for construction supporting system, purpose for“information sharing and cooperation” and “improvement of operating processes” in the construction field. Web3D technology helps field supervisions in construction with interactive and intuitive display. Utilization of information, progress control of working form support system using 3D-CAD and TS has. First, sort out problems in exciting supervision and inspection of works and set system requirements. Second, build and propose of systems to meet the requirements. Finally, verify effectiveness of systems in actual road works and consider the results of demonstrational experiments.

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The effects such as promotion of business efficiency and/or quality control are expected by electronic utilization of various information of public construction among parties concerned. Various actions have been taken for realizing the effects above, but problems and improvements supported by business process analysis for the whole construction are not identified.
In this study, business process containing 288 work-types focused on common ground of construction business process were analyzed for realizing the promotion of efficiency of documents delivery and management. Additionally, the support function of information sharing system and the scope of support were considered. Furthermore, the relevance of the future business model (TO-BE) and result of business analysis was confirmed.

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Developed a total system of as-built management of road earthwork as construction management process using information technology. A total system of as-built management is consisted of the total station with construction management data and support software. This system is replaced level and measure. In this paper, the total station with construction management data was developed by total station maker or software developer, and evaluation for trial examination.

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Developed a total system of as-built management of road earthwork as construction management process using information technology. A total system of as-built management is consisted of the total station with construction management data and support software. This system is replaced level and measure. In this paper, support software was improved as a total system of as-built management. A total system is exchanged as-built work management data. The as-built work management data was made as document. A total system of as-built management was used at six construction fields this year.

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Photogrammetry is the technique to measure the form of 3-dimensional objects by analyze the pictures of reflective targets on the objests. Conventional measures need three divices to measure the 3-D deformations, however Photogrammetry can measure the deformations by one device. We tried to apply this technique for measuring 3-D deformation of a concrete structure under the cyclic load. The expected failure mode is due to buckling of enclosed reinforcements. 3-D deformations are necessary to clarify the behavior of specimen. As the results, it was possible that this technique has an accuracy and can visualize the process of deformation.

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The geological and geotechnical information for maintenance of slopes around existing structures is usually managed by individual branch in charge of the structure. Unitary management of the information is important for rational maintenance. Then we developed a computational slope maintenance system to deal with both geological and geotechnical information based on geographical information system (GIS). Following tools were programmed to estimate geotechnical information on GIS: (1) database-system of geological and geotechnical information, (2) total behaviors estimation tool for slope displacement data and (3) slope stability evaluation tool. The function of each tool was verified by applying pre-existing study of slope stability. This verification shows an example for practical use of the system. This unitary system could be efficiently used for maintenance works.

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This study presents a high speed and precise inspection system that allows remote measurement of cracks using a non-prism total station incorporating a crack width ruler. Its applicability is shown with long and large bridges in Aomori Prefecture which leads Japan in bridge asset management.
Through this study, not only have such technical issues as the hazard and time limitations in constructing temporary footholds been provided fundamental resolutions but also timely production of crack measurements, coordinate conversions and transformation into CAD drawings have become possible, to create a unique crack measurement and 3D database management system.

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The importance of maintenance of existing bridges rises, and the researches on the automation of the comprehensive evaluation of the visual inspection result have been performed. In some researches, Neural Network is used for finding out the criterion from an actual evaluation of bridge integrity by an expert. In this research, the applicability to the evaluation of bridge integrity is examined by the comparison of SVM and LVQ that is skillful in the pattern recognition. Though it is a result of dependence on the sample data, SVM shows high classification ability with complex parameter setting, and LVQ shows high robustness. In addition, the usability is considered by using SVM and LVQ on R that is statistical analysis tools.

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The Japanese central and local governments are deeply concerned about the management of existing bridges. This is because the number of deteriorated bridges is increasing due to increasing volume of traffic, increasing weight of road vehicles, and structural aging. However, the budget limitations of local governments for bridge maintenance actions and new construction are much more severe than those of the central government. The Yamaguchi prefectural government is one of the leading prefectures interested in developing a practical management method and a computerized system for existing bridges. The authors contributed to the development of a comprehensive bridge management system with co-workers at Yamaguchi University and the Yamaguchi prefectural government. This paper presents an inspection support system for existing bridges in Yamaguchi Prefecture. The system consists of two main subsystems: bridge inspection reporting system and web-based bridge inspection database system. Several screen shots of the system are presented in order to demonstrate how this system performs.

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The laser measurement came to be able to be put to practical use, and to facilitate three dimension data. Especially, the profit use of the laser measurement is expected in the disaster prevention relations such as the earthquake and the localized torrential rain that happen frequently in recent years. In this thesis, the laser measurement data is processed automatically and it proposes the technique for making the road network. The made road network used for the shelter simulation, and considered the effectiveness.

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An evacuation simulator from flooding due to a heavy rain using a multi-agent model is developed and implemented to enhance the capability of community flood risk mitigation. As for the case study, the numerical simulations are performed at Kosen town-community in Kumamoto City. A 3-dimensional geometric data was constructed using the laser profiling data (LP data). The numerical results are compared with the evacuation drill results for virtual flood scenario. It is found that the evacuation simulator reproduces well the residuals' evacuation behavior using Global Positioning System (GPS).

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In Nagoya Metropolitan Area, commuter-cars have a big influence on traffic jam and congestion in peak period. To reconsider the use of a car for commuting will greatly influence decrease of burdens on the environment. In this study, we developed “Self-Diagnosis Integration travel Assistance System” which can support Mobility Management that is enforcement of policy for reduction of commuter cars. This system has three sub-systems as follows; the first sub-system is “iMM sub-system” for automatic diagnosing about travel behavioral, the second is “PP sub-system” for collecting exact behavioral route data based on GPS, and the third is “PRONAVI” for providing multi-mode route information to guide environmental route. These systems are integrated, and assist traveller's voluntary environmental behavior. We applied the developed system to the pilot program and analyzed the effect of the system.

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Simultaneous occurrence of fires is one of the characteristics in an earthquake. The firefighting activities are important according to the extinguishing priority in order to minimize the damage because the capacity of firefighting force is limited. In this study, the system to assign the order of extinguishing priority to the buildings on fire is developed, in which the number of damaged buildings, household units and burned area is to be minimized. Based on the simulation of urban spreading fire using Petri-net, the order of extinguishing priority is determined by the comparison of effect of extinguishments of each building on fire. The movements of spreading fire and the effect of extinguishments, which change with time, can be expressed visually.

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We have developed a visual simulation system based on construction of scenario Petri-net with regional map in the background to support resident participation for refuge planning. In this study, we propose to use portable GPS and construct basic part of refuse scenario Petri-net directly based on GPS data of resident's behavior in order to support more direct participation. For this task, we develop a procedure system to generate a file called as Petri-Ndata based on GPS data of resident's behavior and to convert the file into the Sdata file and demonstrate this procedure system for refuse planning in an intermediate-mountainous area.

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At the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake disaster, the restoration works and the reconstruction works are disturbed mainly by the problem caused by damaged road condition and traffic congestion. Therefore, the management of emergency goods distribution is such a problem to be tackled immediately. In this study, we propose a methodology to utilize the information about operating system of emergent goods distribution to enable quick and accurate emergency measure, at the large-scale earthquake disaster like the Tokai Earthquake and so on. Moreover, this study proposes an engineering system on region-wide mutual coordination among municipalities considering utilization of Information Technology (IT).

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Recently, every field is innovated by ICT. Improvement of operating processes with seamless information is required in the construction field's life cycle. This paper analyzes river construction's features and proposes two step improvement of operating processes by 3-Ddata, and presents new methods of progress control of working form to each step. First step, presents inspection by distance calculation. Second, presents inspection by coordinate comparison. Finally, shows possibility of second method with Web3D by verify effectiveness of methods in actual river works at yunoura-river in kumamoto and considers the results of demonstrational experiments.

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Although about half of the shield tunnel works done in the world exist in Japan, their product model has not been developed and detail construction related data are owned by engineers who worked at the construction sites. Considering the international contribution and business chances, in order to preserve the precious construction data for the future use, we decide to develop a product model for representing shield tunnel construction. As its first step, we investigated the characteristics of shield tunnels and developed a conceptual product model. Then, we implemented some part of the model by expanding IFC. We performed experiments of exchanging product model data with a 3D CAD system.

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The design by three-dimensional CAD begins to be used in the road business. However, three dimensional terrain data doesn't circulate from the measurement phase to the design phase, and also those data that wants to be used by the design phase might not be made. Therefore, three dimensional terrain data is made by the hand input in the design phase, and that not leading necessarily to the efficiency improvement of the business becomes a problem.
In this study, we focused on the enhancement DM that not used from the restriction such as the use environment until now, and examined the circulation of three dimensional terrain data. First of all, we confirmed the adequacy of the enhancement DM by investigating the use environment, the use needs, and the use actual condition of current state. Next, we extracted the problems concerning the circulation of three dimensional terrain data based on the result, and made the DM data creation specification for the road design according to the use scene as an improvement plan of the problem.

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A standard specification of enhanced DM-SXF conversion is settled on aiming to use the enhanced DM data made as a result of measurement in design phase. And, there are some conversion systems in accordance with the standard specification, but there are two problems. First, it is necessary to take much time for processing DM-SXF conversion. Second, it doesn't correspond to all items according to the standard specification. Moreover, because there are vague items in a standard specification, that the factors brind about the different conversion method on each system. Then, in present research, the standard specification is rearranged, and the conversion system is developed based on rearranged standard specification. Furthermore, the conversion system achieved the speed-up of the conversion processing by implementing the I/O library of SXF which is originally developed.

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Recently, the computerization and the use of information are promoted in various fields. At the construction site, in order to make good use of the computerization and the use of construction information, information integrated construction is carried out. However, data of information integrated construction is separately defined, and because the definition method is various. So it is a difficult situation to share and link different construction information. The former research aimed at the establishment of the definition method for functioning data exchange standard as an information exchange base, to share and link construction information data. This research made a data dictionary and the guideline for making data dictionary. And we propose this result for data exchange standard.

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It is required to build the analytical model of the target area for the simulation of urban spreading fire. The modeling often costs us tremendous labor and time. In this study, an automatic modeling system using the digital residential map is proposed. Almost all the data, which are necessary for the simulation of urban spreading fire in an earthquake, are made automatically and written in the files by just only assigning the target area in the map. The techniques used in the automatic modeling system are introduced. Using this system, a simulation of urban spreading fire is demonstrated.

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Building polygons are buildings' contours on the digital map stored by GIS. Based on building polygons, we are proposing a GIS and CG integrated system to generate 3-D building models automatically. A 3-D urban model is the important information infrastructure that can be utilized in several fields, such as landscape evaluation, urban planning, disaster prevention simulation, etc. To realize a 3-D urban model, it is important to generate building models efficiently. However, in order to realize a 3-D urban model, time consuming process is necessary to acquire the spatial data and to design the models. In order to automate the laborious process, the system aims at creating 3-D building models automatically from building polygons. If the building polygon with more than 4 vertices has right angle only, then it can be divided in rectangles. We propose the useful polygon expression where the building polygon can be expressed as a set of its edges' turning direction (RL expression) and that decides from which vertex a dividing line (DL) is drawn.

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E-Defense is developing a system which enables all earthquake engineering researchers to freely access to valuable experimental data obtained during shake table tests executed there after some period. EDgrid is a cyberinfrastructure being developed for this purpose by using the cutting-edge information technology with NEESit in the United States of America. In this research, a data model has been developed for storing all the data related to experiments performed at E-Defense in the EDgrid central repository correctly, effectively and efficiently. The data model was developed on the basis of the event-based relational data model theory to correspond to possible future facility expansion and collaboration with other databases in various countries.

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Recently, for the advance of information technologies, a pedestrian traffic support like navigation system with mobile phone is spreading. In pedestrian traffic, it is important to consider space perception. The city planning, the transport planning, mobile GIS and disaster prevention need to consider space perception too. In this research, we investigate how to make a hand-written map, to understand the feature of spatial perception for the pedestrian. Using the information obtained by the investigation, we made a model showing the type and position of landmarks that are important for the pedestrian traffic. Using the model, a system for making route guide map that is one of the methods to support pedestrian traffic is developed.

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This paper presents an asset management system (Fasys-AM) that is used to optimize maintenance/repair activities for highway facilities. The Fasys-AM can be used to estimate the optimal inspection/repair/replacement policies that minimize the life-cycle cost and failure risks using a database containing the inventories and inspection history. The system contains a simulation model in its core module that investigates the medium-long term budget plans and the service levels of the facilities given the budgetary constraints. The deterioration processes of the facility systems are modeled by the aggregated time-dependent Markov process model. In order to investigate the validity of the Fasys-AM system, a case study was conducted and is presented in the paper. The case study was carried out for the lighting system on the Tohoku expressway.

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In order to execute effective disaster mitigation measures it is necessary to examine various problems such as; damage assumption, warning transmission strategy, and evacuation plan, etc. The purpose of this study is to develop a Comprehensive Disaster Scenario Simulator that expresses a regional situation during a disaster in order to manage these problems. This simulator expresses resident's activities during normal circumstances and their behavior during a disaster. The simulator also expresses the extent of damage, and number of casualties during the time of occurrence of the disaster. Therefore, the use of this simulator can be twofold; i. as a strategic tool for examining effective disaster prevention measures. ii. due to its visual presentation and easy-to-use interface, this simulator can be used as a risk communication tool to inform about the various characteristics of the disaster and the appropriate actions that should be taken to reduce the impact of disasters.

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