The objective of this study is to develop a web-based Image Quality Evaluation system for the satellite hyperspectral data (termed “IQESH”). The more number hyperspectral bands, the more difficult the task of efficient and precise image quality evaluation for all thes. As a measure, IQESH turns this issue into advantage by displaying all band images continuously (i. e., animation-like displaying) with the mouse wheel-based interface. Such a primitive approach based on eye-sight might be useful for evaluating hyperspectral image quality. Data sets on results of image quality evaluation with original images could be easily managed under the internet-environment, which contribute to promote utilization of hyperspectral data for various application fields.

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In order to recognize the volume and situation of hazard areas soon when natural disasters occur, we have been developing precise digital mapping system for management of the hazards. The management system consist of the three-dimensional precise topographic survey and modeling system. The precise survey system using airplane photogrammetry and GPS has the advantages of precision of 10cm in the vast area of square of 150 km. The coordinates, distances and sectional profiles at arbitrary points can be measured accurately on the three-dimensional display by using the three-dimensional modeling technology. This paper reports the study of application of the system we have developed to management of dams and demonstrates that the system is useful for getting various data for management of dams.

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Modeling of each building is required for the target area in the simulation of urban spreading fire. Some model, which expresses the spreading fire between the neighboring houses, is also required. The modeling often costs us tremendous labor and time. In this study, an automatic modeling system using the digital residential map is proposed. Almost all of the data, which are necessary for the simulation of urban spreading fire in an earthquake, are made automatically and saved in some files by just only specifying the target area in the map.

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This research was development of damaged areas interpretation system that integrating and complements to various remote sensing data with different observation methods and specifications. It proposed the methods of correcting geometrical distortions for observation data by “the optical method” and “the SAR method”, in the purpose of integrating with various remote sensing data. Moreover, to classify periods of the disaster for four phases “Normal”, “Disaster occurs”, “Restore” and “Reconstruction”, and to distinguish operation policy of the this system at each phase efficiently, the administration and analysis functions were constructed. In addition, the Niigata-Chuuetu quake disaster area was selected as a subject area, and the effect of various remote sensing data in the damaged areas investigation were concretely shown.

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Some Disaster Information Systems work less effectively than expected. Therefore, in this study, based on a business model analysis, reviews of disaster response activities at recent serious earthquakes and lessons acquired from previous cases that disaster information systems were applied, new information system is developed. The developed system consists of Disaster information platform, Data dictionary, System Interface, Gazetteer and FAX-OCR.

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Progress has been made in the use of execution information in electronic form as part of computerized execution at construction sites. And this progress is being accompanied by data standardization activities. In order for the meaning of exchanged data to be understood without contradiction, each data element must be clearly defined, but a standard description method has not been established. In order to guarantee the future expandability and sustainability of data, definitions of data elements must be described in a form that permits their continued use. This research proposed operation based on an information model and a data dictionary that are data definition methods in addition to a data format as data exchange standards. The information model and the data dictionary that are data definition methods were developed in general purpose format that can be used as a domestic standard and work site standard for machine construction.

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In this research, new IFC-BRIDGE product model was developed by integrating J-IFC-BRIDGE, which is a combination of our previously developed prestressed concrete bridge product model, YLPC-BRIDGE, and steel girder bridge product model, YLSG-BRIDGE, and IFC-BRIDGE, which has been developed in France. Next, the new IFC-BRIDGE was implemented by using new ifcXML. Further, the converter program developed for data integration of 3D CAD systems and YLPC-BRIDGE was modified to correspond to the changes of the product models.

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Building polygons are buildings' contours on the digital map stored by GIS. Based on building polygons, we are proposing a GIS and CG integrated system to generate 3-D building models automatically. A 3-D urban model is the important information infrastructure that can be utilized in several fields, such as landscape evaluation, urban planning, disaster prevention simulation, etc. To realize a 3-D urban model, it is important to generate building models efficiently. However, in order to realize a 3-D urban model, time consuming process is necessary to acquire the spatial data and to design the models. In order to automate the laborious process, the system aims at creating 3-D building models automatically from building polygons. If the building polygon with more than 4 vertices has right angle only, then it can be divided in rectangles. We propose the useful polygon expression where the building polygon can be expressed as a set of its edges' turning direction (RL expression) and that decides from which vertex a dividing line (DL) is drawn.

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We developed CAD data format, which can be converted into GIS data at the maintenance stage, based on the “CALS/EC Action Program 2005 in MLIT”. And this study resulted in an improvement of “Road Fundamental Data Attribute Set” as a common specification for CAD software using SXFVer3.0. Moreover, National government developed common check program for CAD data and convert program into GIS data, and each private CAD software company develop useful CAD software corresponding to “Road Fundamental Data Attribute Set”. Finally, we had some experiments in actual national road works using these tools.

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Road management should be carried out effectively by using spatial and temporal information. Four-dimensional information is required for storing the historical information in the latest condition. In this paper, the four-dimensional information was defined that three-dimensional spatial information and temporal information are combined. This paper proposed the road management system to collect, accumulate, share, and utilize the four-dimensional information. The system has the functions of spatial data infrastructure, road information models, model library systems, common system interface, common functions, road database, and application system. The functions of representation, simulation and progress management were developed by using the four-dimensional information.

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In a rural urban area, such as Morioka city, many retail stores and residential area are located in suburbs and the people tend to move out from the central urban area to the suburbs. A transit bus is not chosen, but a traffic jam takes place every morning on a roadway. The urban structure and transportation systems in the future should be designed considering with the spatial accessibility over the urban and suburbs area. This paper presents a geographic information system that can measure the accessibility between central urban area and suburbs by a bus and foot.

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We have developed a movable traffic counter that enabled us to measure traffic data of multiple points simultaneously with low cost as a part of a next generation information gathering system for road traffic censuses. This is the first traffic counter system in Japan equipped with a long-distance-type measuring sensors which consist of Position Sensitive Detector and infrared emitting diode and signal processing circuit detecting vehicles. The movable traffic counter could successively collect accurate traffic information in relation to number of vehicles, categorization into two car-types, car speed, with using more simple analyzing method than those used in conventional magnetic sensors and ultrasonic sensors. Development of the movable traffic counter was intended on application for two-track roads with one oncoming lane in mountain ringed region in which two-thirds of road traffic censuses had been conducted in Japan.

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E-Defense is developing a system which enables all earthquake engineering researchers to freely access to valuable experimental data obtained during shake table tests executed there after some period. EDgrid is a cyberinfrastructure being developed for this purpose by using the cutting-edge information technology with NEESit in the United States of America. In this research, a data model has been developed for storing all the data related to experiments performed at E-Defense in the EDgrid central repository correctly, effectively and efficiently. The data model was developed on the basis of the event-based relational data model theory to correspond to possible future facility expansion and collaboration with other databases in various countries.

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Recently, the research on the traffic analysis is actively done, and it is used to decide the maintenance plan of the bridge and strategy of the commercial operation to the road coast region. However, a large cost is required in an existing analysis, because traffic information collected in a road traffic census and the Origin Destination Survey is used. In this research, we design the method for generating OD information based on the Electronic Toll Collection System, which maintained in Japanese expressway. This system continuously accumulated OD information generated to each user, and the analysis of impossible movement history became possible. In addition, the case that traffic flow analysis is done from the movement history is shown by using data mining.

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As a basic study on establishment of decision support tools for pre-earthquake countermeasure of road network, a method of creating data of road network and attributes of road, such as street width, roadside building and node population, from digital map data by GIS was examined in this study. It was found that time required for creating data can be reduced significantly by using this method. In addition, prediction of street-blockade of Sako district in Tokushima City was carried out using GIS with the data obtained by the method proposed here and it became clear that this method was very applicable.

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Road maintenance should be carried out effectively. In this paper, the utilization system and operation model were constructed for operating the spatial data infrastructure in road maintenance. A referring system of location reference points, the utilization of road occupancy continuation, and the system of road coordination conference were developed using spatial data infrastructure. The referring system of location reference points adopts open source software for utilizing widely. This paper proposed the operation model of spatial data infrastructure for updating and utilizing effectively. The roles of public and private coordination are reviewed. The roles and business model of governing structure were proposed.

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Recently, for the advance of information technologies, a pedestrian traffic support like navigation system with mobile phone is spreading. In the pedestrian traffic, it is important to consider space perception. The city planning and the transport planning need to consider space perception, too. In this research, we investigate to make hand-written map, to understand the feature of spatial perception for pedestrian. Using the information obtained by the investigation, we made a model concerning type and position of landmarks that are important for the pedestrian traffic. Using the model, the system for making route guide map is one of the method to support pedestrian traffic is developed.

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In this research, the basic wind speed for a long-span bridge was estimated using GIS-based typhoon simulation system. The probability distributions of the annual maximum wind speeds were computed for every 16-divided wind direction by the Monte-Carlo method. The method uses probabilistic models expressing the characteristics of the typhoons which were created from the recorded typhoons by the Japan Meteorological Agency, and it also uses the Meng's formula which estimates surface wind speed at the proposed bridge site. Various analyses were efficiently performed making the best use of the functions of GIS. As a result, the maximum wind speed with a return period of 100 years was estimated to be 35m/s (south-southwest direction). Furthermore, the characteristics of the typhoons which caused extremely strong wind speed at the site were considered.

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When performing a road plan or a regional plan with complicated geographical feature, soil calculation is needed to study the soil balance between the amount of cut and the amount of bank. In recent years, the construction activities by little environmental load are called for. Therefore, stopping discharge surplus soil is called for. Moreover, by the result of soil calculation, landscape after completion may change a lot. A system which can study soil calculation and a landscape simultaneously is called for. Furthermore, to correspond to a citizen participation type design process, the system which can understand a plan also by stakeholders who don't have professional knowledge is called for. In this research, study of a landscape and soil calculation aims at development of a possible system seamlessly. A 3DVR system which studies an environmental design is extended and the soil calculation function in which high precision calculation and visual expression are possible is developed.

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In this paper, an asset management system (Fasys-AM) is presented to optimize maintenance/repair activities for the facilities on the highways. The Fasys-AM is designed to find out the optimal inspection/repair/replacement policies to minimize the life-cycle cost and fail risks based upon the database of the inventories and inspection history. The system involves, as its core module, a simulation model to investigate the long-medium term budget plans and the service levels of the facilities given the budgetary constraints. The deterioration processes of the facility systems are modeled by the aggregated time-dependent Markov process model. The paper illustrates a case study carried out for the lighting systems on the Tohoku expressway to investigate the validity of the Fasys-AM applications.

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The multi-dimensional information analytical method (MTS : Mahalanobis-Taguchi system) using Mahalanobis Distance developed in the quality engineering was applied for total integrity of bridge. The compound distance (extended Mahalanobis Distance) by MTA (Mahalanobis-Taguchi adjoint) method was derived from normal space to evaluate the rank of bridges with some deterioration as evaluations of bridge integrity. In this paper, the influence at the compound distance by the choice of the items from the inspection results was examined and the applicable of this distance as the substitution of BHI (bridge health index) using weight parameter was examined. As a result, it was found that this method was able to substitute for BHI and to evaluate the bridge integrity quantitatively from the inspection results.

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There are many proposed methodologies for implementation of asset management of bridge group. One of them tries minimizing the LCC of each bridge in the group under consideration, but the difference between annual budgets becomes impracticable. Thus in this report, an approach is proposed to equalize the annual budget for the bridge group repair by using the genetic algorithm with two dimensional string structure. Numerical examples show that the proposed approach works effectively.

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Grid computing is innovative technology that obtains computing power by using many computers connected by network. A virtial grid computing system which consists of one Linux PC for server and several linux PCs and windows PCs for computing nodes has been constructed in our laboratory by using Globus Toolkit which is the grid middleware. In this paper, the parallel computation of finite element analysis using dynamic relaxation as iterative technique was achieved and accuracy of this method was evaluated. By using this technique, it was investigated to succeed the parallel computation in grid computing. From the numerical results, both the parallel eciency and the availability on use of windows PC for computing nodes were discussed.

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[in Japanese]

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In order to execute effective disaster measures it is therefore necessary to examine various problems such as damage assumption, warning transmission strategy, and evacuation plan, etc. The purpose of this study is to develop a Comprehensive Disaster Scenario Simulator that expresses a regional situation during a disaster in order to manage these problems. This simulator expresses resident's activities in normal circumstances and the evacuation behavior during a disaster. It can also express the extent of damage and casualties with the time of occurrence of the disaster. Therefore, the use of this simulator can be twofold: One as a strategy tool to examine effective disaster prevention measures. Two, because of its visual presentation and easy-to-use interface, this simulator can be used as a risk communication tool to learn about various disaster phenomenon and appropriate actions to be taken to reduce the impact of disasters.

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This paper deals with automated detection method of collapsed wooden house areas based on outline information of aerial photographs taken just after earthquakes. In addition to original outline images, thinning and thickening of those images were made. These three kinds of images were divided into square meshes with proper sizes respectively. Fractional dimension, number of pixels which compose outlines and number of elements divided by outlines were considered as characteristic parameters of outline of each mesh. From analytical results, it was found that debris areas were accurately detected based on the fractional dimension of outline images thickened once.

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Since light weight temporary facility members are used number of times and are deteriorating over a long period, a maintenance management system using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been desired for the purposes of controlling usage and tracking and inquiring usage records. RFID systems suitable for these purposes would need long communication distance between RFID tags and an antenna and should be able to be pasted on metal. Therefore, in this research, experiments were executed by using and pasting Utlra-high Frequency (UHF) RFID tags, of which usage was just allowed since 2005 April in Japan, onto steel pipes, scaffolds, frames, and clamps for investigating the readability. 2.45 GHz RFID system was also used for comparison purpose. The experiment results showed that UHF RFID has a strong potential for applying to controlling and managing pipes, scaffolds, frames of light weight temporary facilities

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In late years a law of “Bill for Ensuring the Quality of Public Works” was enforced from the viewpoint of ensuring the quality of public works contributes assuring the safety of the public. At the construction stage, it is necessary to inspect the place not visible for the quality securing of the structure. Inspection of invisible place is that checking invisible and unclarity in process of construction. To ensure a precise response to confirming construction phase, the supervisor staff should understand a lot of information like the plan set, state of the construction, and required quality. In this paper, providing information to the supervisor staff by using the server that can in real time share the webcam with digitalized construction information. As a result, confirming construction phase from the remote place becomes possible. Moreover, the verified experiment was done, the result and the possibility in the future are shown.

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This paper proposes a new method to progress control working form in paving work. Laser Scanning System (LSS) is used for this method. When proposing it, firstly, a present progress control of working form about asphalt paving work is investigated. The investigation item is a standard value and measurement frequency. Moreover, needs and the problem of the site are arranged. Next, based on them, the new method of progress control of working is proposed.
In LSS used by this method, random point data is measured. Therefore, when progress control of working, random point data is converted into the mesh data. Moreover, the experiment is made by suggested method. In this experiment, a present method is done at the same time, and accuracy and the man-hour about the new method are verified. Finally, consideration is described about the effectiveness of the new method based on all the results in this study.

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This study presents a system of as-built management using a total station (TS) with basic design data composed of outline frames of a road structure. The applicability of the system is verified through proof experiments at some construction cites of a road work. This system consists of a program of making basic design data, a TS connected with a data collector loaded with the data, and a program of making some as-built management reports automatically from measurement data by the TS. The proof experiments has shown that the total system can be applied successfully for a practical use, and improve the efficiency of as-build management, keeping almost the same measurement precision, compared with a conventional management way using a tape measure and a level.

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In electronic delivery of engineering works and construction fields, the standard is settled and the base is adequately maintained by the initiative of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. But, problems arise in the actual electronic delivery. These problems are that when order supplier and order demander exchange data, the significantly identity is not assured enough and the coexistence of similar data increase the work cost. Currently, a special application for document processing is being introduced as means to solve these problems. But, it is not a technique for fundamentally solving the problem. In this research, the layout of the document data made by a variety of data forms was analyzed, and its structural information was created. The substantial difference between documents is extracted by analyzing meaning information using the natural-language processing, and the identity is verified. In addition, document management is made more efficient by presenting detailed difference information.

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A road traffic census is an investigation to understand the realities of the road traffic in Japan, and there are the general traffic density investigation and the parking investigation. Especially, the general traffic density investigation measures the various traffics of the pedestrian, the bicycle, and the car every one hour on the weekday or holiday. Therefore, grasping local environment and local traffic density can be estimated the traffic for the future by executing road traffic census. Recently, with a development of information technology, the traffic density investigation can automatically be measured using the animation filmed with the video camera. In an existing research, a general and highly accurate method of detecting people is not established. Then, in this research, we try to establish it. Firstly, the area of people is specified by the background subtraction method and the smoothing process. Secondly, the feature of people is extracted by the labeling. Finally, the movement of people is measured from the area lap rate of the labeling. This research is applied to the crowded space like the elevator, and we aim for the development of a general and highly accurate system on measurement for counting people.

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In case of fitting gcomctric model of pavement rutting to the real data, the model of a high order function has the well advantage of fitness. However, it also has the disadvantage of varsatility. In this study, we developed the pavement rutting models with quadratic function and spline function for quantification of pavement rutting characteristics on road surface. The two developed models are verified in respsct of the adaptability of these shapes and the accommodation for the simulation method of the vehicle dynamics using the road profie date of the PIARC EVEN experiment in 1998. As a result, it is indicated that the spline function is applicable for representing pavement rutting characteristics.

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The objective of this study is to develop the simulation system of spreading urban fire in an earthquake using Petri-net. A house is modeled by the 4 places and 12 transitions. The integral number which corresponds to the spreading time inside the house is allocated to each input arc. In order to represent the catching fire from next door, another transitions are prepared between the places which belong to the different houses. The integral number which corresponds to the spreading time of inter-house is allocated to the arc. It is demonstrated by numerical experiments that the simulation system can be applied to the case of fire which occurs simultaneously in many places.

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In this study, we propose a simulation model for chlorine-ion diffusion using cellular automaton (CA), where mobile-water and immobile-water are postulated to exist in soil. Simulation results obtained from this proposed model are compared with those of observation by column experiment to verify the applicability of the model for soil pollution phenomena. The model could be reproduced tailing phenomena in breakthrough curves, and estimated distribution of immobile water in the soil column. It is shown that the complexity phenomena such as diffusion of soil pollution can be simulated simply and precisely by CA model more simply than numerical analysis.

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In this paper, a bridge management system application aiming to assist bridge managers to design optimal rehabilitation/maintenance (R&M) policies is presented. The system provides to the bridge managers the technical information for the planning of optimal R&D as well as managerial accounting information for the asset valuation of the bridges for every fiscal year. The system includes an estimation module that estimates the Markov transition probabilities based on the observation data set from inspections and a module that generates a simulation of the deterioration/rehabilitation processes of the bridge systems in order to evaluate the life-cycle costs of the R&M policies. The system presented in the paper is applied to the bridge systems managed by the Himeji Office of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and the applicability of the systems is tested against real world data.

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