The increase of the prevalence of myopia is an important problem that is of growing concern worldwide, and several studies have been conducted on the progression of myopia. Recently, orthokeratology has gained attention as a method for the suppression of myopia progression, as it provides a 30–50% slowing of myopia progression compared with single-vision spectacles. Young-age children tend to have faster myopia progression, and may benefit from early treatment. It is theorized that orthokeratology combined with topical atropine is synergistically effective for myopia control, as it provides good treatment outcomes if properly performed and safely prescribed with adequate patient education.

There have been many recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) technology, and operating microscopes have been equipped with 3D systems. Based on optical science, progression of 3D digital technology is likely to allow further major improvements in the operating microscope in the future.

Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) has allowed clinicians to study the anatomical alterations that occur during surgery. In this report we presented some cases that showed the utilities of iOCT imaging during surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, myopic retinoschisis, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Additionally, optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based ellipsoid zone mapping tool has developed. In this report, we evaluated ellipsoid zone status in normal eye and in the eyes with systemic hydroxychloroquine administration. In the cases with systemic hydroxychloroquine administration, the ellipsoid zone maps showed significant reduction of ellipsoid zone integrity.

We are conducting a study on surgical process analysis to improve the quality of surgery by applying process analytical techniques in the engineering field. In this paper, I introduce the basics of surgical navigation, and our achievements in the field of navigation surgery such as new surgical navigation corresponding to intraoperative organ motion, deformation and surgical process, and skill analysis technique, based on navigation information.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between objective re-fusion time and subjects’ age using binocular open-view Shack–Hartmann wavefront aberrometer equipped with liquid crystal shutter (LCS).

Methods: Twelve patients with intermittent exotropia [X(T); age, 25.2 ± 13.0 years] and healthy volunteers (age, 31.8 ± 9.5 years) participated in this study. LCS transmittance from the subject’s non-dominant eye was reduced by 1.15%/s to break binocular fusion, after which it increased again by 1.15%/s. The evaluation of re-fusion time indicated that the eye position returned from fusion-free to binocular.

Results: Re-fusion time was not significantly different between the X(T) and control groups [X(T), 4.28 ± 3.49 s; control, 3.04 ± 1.93 s; P = 0.35]. However, re-fusion time was significantly and positively correlated with age in both the groups [X(T), R² = 0.537, P = 0.007; control, R² = 0.438, P = 0.019].

Conclusion: The present findings suggested that the positive correlation between re-fusion time and subject’s age is associated with the progression of exophoria to X(T) which eventually becomes constant.