Color vision is caused by the processing of information on cones on the retina by the opposite color mechanism. Now, is the appearance of the color determined only by the light analysed by this neural mechanism?

In the situation where we usually perceive color, it is often against the reflected light from the surface of an object. On the other hand, color perception also occurs for light sources. If both lights have the same spectral energy distribution, these should cause identical results of color appearance in both cases for the cones. However, we can often describe the difference between whether the object is emitting light or perceiving it as reflected light from an object. It is known that this difference can be explained by the concept of color appearance mode. Here, I am addressing recent findings on the mechanism deriving this color mode and, on the roles, to its mechanism, of the texture that makes the surface of an object perceived.

Purpose: To examine long-term changes in visual function after penetrating keratoplasty (PK).

Patients and methods: We included patients who underwent corneal topographic analysis after PK for bullous keratopathy. The components of Fourier harmonic analysis of the cornea for postoperative 10 years were retrospectively examined.

Results: One-hundred and twenty-four eyes of 112 patients (Age, 71.3 ± 11.2 years) were included. Graft rejection occurred in 9.7% and graft failure occurred in 30.6%. Suture was removed in 39.0%. Spherical component of 6-mm diameter in Fourier harmonic analysis increased 4 years after PK. On contrary, regular astigmatism and asymmetry components were stable from the early period. Higher-order irregularity decreased early but did not change for a long-term period.

Conclusion: Spherical components continued to change over the long term after PK. Fourier harmonic analysis is useful for evaluation of the long-term observation after corneal transplantation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of wavelength-controlling lenses (NeoContrast^®) on contrast sensitivity in amblyopic patients.

Methods: This study included 12 patients (9.2 ± 4.1 years) with amblyopia who have previously been treated for the condition. Contrast sensitivity was measured using the CSV-1000HGTi (Vector Vision) in three conditions: healthy eye under refractive correction, amblyopic eye under refractive correction, and amblyopic eye under refractive correction using NeoContrast^® lenses.

Results: The contrast sensitivity of amblyopic eyes under refractive correction using NeoContrast^® lenses was significantly higher than that of amblyopic eyes under refractive correction (p = 0.01); the improvement in contrast sensitivity was comparable to that of healthy eyes under refractive correction.

Conclusions: The results suggest that NeoContrast® lenses may contribute to the improvement of contrast sensitivity in amblyopic eyes.