The name “Tono” was first recorded in 1334, one year after the collapse of the Kamakura Regime, just prior to the split of the royal dynasty into Northern and Southern courts in the so-called “Nanpoku-cho” period.
　　　At that time, an agent dispatched by the Asonuma clan, whose main fief was in Shimotsuke province, ruled the Tono fief of Mutsu province. According to historical materials from 1350, the Asonuma clan ruled the fiefs of seven provinces by dispatching various administrative agents, and by aligning themselves at first with Southern court, and then with the Northern court, in order to maintain control over their fiefs. Around 1382, however, the Asonuma clan were uprooted from their main fief in Shimotsuke province by the Oyama clan, and in that process the Asonuma clan moved to strengthen their position in Tono, becoming the Tono-Asonuma clan. Henceforth, the Tono-Asonuma clan maintained an effective control over Tono until the end of the 16th century.
　　　During 1600, however, with the creation of the Morioka fief by the Sannohe-Nanbu clan, and in accordance with the process of establishing daimyo throughout the Japanese archipelago, the Tono-Asonuma clan was banished from Tono and disappeared from the main stage of history.

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　　　The compulsion isolation of the leper was abolished in Japan in 1996. The isolation policy was being enforced by Japan in Korea, which was the colony. However, Korea after World War II solved the isolation policy. In addition, in the resettling village, the leper and those who recovered started self-support by agriculture. Presently there are 90 resettling villages throughout the Korea. This research has aimed to study the establishment process of the resettling village.

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　　　Aguricultural newcomers from non-agricultural sectors face various difficulties when settling in rural communities. This paper focuses on the existence of “buddies” in these communities and examines the support network for aguricultural newcomers in “K” town in Hokkaido. The support policy of “K” town for aguricultural newcomers was decided in 1994. It is a very comprehensive policy and had already benefited 7 aguricultural newcomers by the year 2000.
　　　This paper examines the feedback from the 7 aguricultural newcomers who have already begun farming in “K” town. Through looking at social support gained by the newcomers, the author extracts two types of networking for obtaining social support. The first is a way to form a support network through the “gurdian system”, whereby a “guardian” takes care of the newcomer in the broad dimensions of everyday-life, from agriculture to social life. Guardians are often farm managers who take charge of training newcomers. The other type is pro-active voluntary network formation, whereby the newcomer takes the initiative to approach a particular person to fullfill a certain type of support need. The former type utilizes cumulative rural relations and allows newcomers to adapt easily to the way of life in rural communities. This paper points out both the advantages and disadvantages in forming this type of support network.

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　　　Japanese rural life during the second half of the 20th century has experienced rapid changes. Rural inhabitants were still poor till about 1960. Almost all Japanese suffered from food shortages just after the Second World War. Japanese farmers labored to increase farm production. After the 1960’s which were a period of high economic development, the food shortages disappeared and the quality of life rose progressively due to the industrialization of Japan.
　　　Our group interview with the aged prepared unified questionnaire and asked them on the states of life at the three time points in 1940, 1960 and 1996 in order to indicate the rise and change in quality of life. As indicated here farmers were obliged to adapt to a commodity economy and introduce fruit cultivation or livestock farming. Some of them became part-time farmers working non-farm jobs away from rural areas.
　　　In order to overcome the confusion of present day, we should learn lessons from the experiences of the aged who lived during times of war, times of food shortages, times of rapid industrialization and the present global information oriented time.

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