This paper aims to examine the relationship between travel behavior and functioning of ICF, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and extract functioning relating to activity and participation from functioning based on ICF. After that, the relationship between activity and participation functioning and contextual factors, which are body functions, the level of public and private transportation service, resident area and so on, are analyzed using the questionnaire survey data sampled from Mimasaka City residents. Consequently, these functioning were classified into three groups, such as “conserving life”, “keeping living” and “encouraging health and culture activity”, and these conditions on three groups were estimated by using scores suggested in this paper. In addition, differences between these scores were analyzed by Hayashi’s quantification theory. As a result, there factors, which were the possibility of car driving, the ability of walking by oneself and the resident area, were extracted.

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  This paper shows the way of the local governments’ involvement in nuclear safety governance through the safety agreement of Hamaoka nuclear power plants which have no article about local governments’ prior consent. To this end, we did bibliographical survey and some interviews to two local governments and a power company. As a result, we can clarify some features of Hamaoka as follows: concerned local governments have avoided technical judgments about nuclear-related issues, the local towns’ decisions have been valued more than the prefetcure’s ones, and the neighboring towns also have engaged in decision-making process same as the local town.

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  The carbonation of concrete components has become on of the major subjects in the asset management of water treatment facilities. The root-t formula, which postulates that the carbonation depth is proportional to the root of the exposure time length, has been the basic hypothesis in explaining the short-and medium-term carbonation processes. Yet, no sufficient data sources are available so far to describe the long-term carbonation. In this paper, the accelerated hazard model is presented to forecast the long-term carbonation processes based upon the observation sets of carbonated concrete samples. As far as our dataset is concerned, the hypothesis of the root-t formula is statistically rejected. The carbonation has progressed faster than expected by the root-t formula.

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  In this paper, a multidimensional auction model, which focuses upon the tendering behaviors of contractors in the score-based auction schemes for public procurement, is formulated to investigate the economic mechanisms by which the equilibrium price and quality is determined through the competition among potential participants; and to show that the social surplus maximization with respect to the quality can be attained through the competitive bidding with the consumer surplus based quasi-linear score rules. The model shows that the introduction of the ceiling constraints of the bidding price may end up with the decrease of the efficiency of the equilibrium, while that of the bidding score can always improve the Value For Money for the government. The single-dimensional auction model with bidding prices is presented as a special case of the multidimensional score-based model to analyze the role of the ceiling constraints of the prices upon the equilibrium

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  This paper presents a supply chain network equilibrium model with inventory costs being incurred for the uncertainty of consumers’ demand of goods. The model takes into account the decentralised decision-making of manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, consumers and freight carriers as well as their interaction. These are mathematically formulated, and the equilibrium conditions to be governed in the whole supply chain are derived. Numerical examples are then undertaken for investigating the influence of the uncertainty of consumers’ demand on the efficiency of supply chain network and the flows of goods on it.

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  Local landscapes that could have been seen in our ordinary lives are now in a critical situation whereby they may collapse on a large scale around Japan. To turn these vicious circumstances around, it is strongly required to establish a new landscape theory that helps reconstruct an interactive relationship between local landscapes and local governance in communities.
  In this study, we investigated landscape elements, related aspects of social systems and activities, their interrelations and their changes in Kaida-mura village in Nagano prefecture. We clarified the fundamental principles of the interrelationship between a local landscape and social systems there.
  We then analyzed the characteristics of that interrelationship and positively observed that these interrelations are formed intrinsically within the local landscape and the local people’s consciousness through their efforts toward the environment and through their heterogeneous social activities.
  When the intrinsic interrelationship comes into our consciousness again through landscapes, it may provides a basis for argument in seeking a new framework of a community. We noted the possibility of such argument helping reconstruct self-sustaining local governance.

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  Ship size of bulk carrier are getting large and large rapidly, based on big bulk cargo demand of China, India and so on. The policy measures for this enlarging trend should be considered for strengthening the global competitiveness of Japanese industries and the stability of food supply. But the information concerning bulk cargo shipping is very little, because most of the bulk cargoes are shipped by tramper for specific shipper. Based on this background, this study analysed enlarging trend of bulk carrier, grasped the constrained condition of Japanese berth for enlarging and calculated transport cost reduction by enlarging. By these result, this study considered about the methods for enlarging ship size of Japanese major bulk cargo shipping.

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  In Shiga Prefecture, there are many traces of the ancient naturalized people from East Asia and the ancient rammed ground “Hanchiku”, which might be originally transferred from China. As the ground compaction technique is essential in “Hanchiku”, the ground compaction tools were investigated in the Chinese references.
  People on a district in Shiga Prefecture have preserved two stone rammers for ground compaction, which are called “Gurinsan”. There are some levees of irrigation pond compacted by “Gurinsan” in this district. The effect on ground compaction by “Gurinsan” and the production rate of labor intensive earth works were examined based on the field test data. In order to examine the old tradition of “Gurinsan”, told by an well-informed old man, the historical occurrences were checked through literatures.
  As the results, it was found that the effect on ground compaction by “Gurinsan” was not inferior to that by the modern equipment and there was a similar compaction tool as “Gurinsan” in China which was called “Ga”. It was also estimated that the Japanese custom “Inoko-tsuki” accompanied with the action of rammed earth was related to “Gurinsan”, together with its origin of word.

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