Designing a multimodal freight transport network is essential especially for regions and countries where lack of attention is given on the planning of multimodal transport systems. This paper proposes a model that can be used as a tool for strategic level of multimodal transport planning, particularly in freight terminal development and freight transport network design. The model determines an optimal freight transport network expansion plan, which selects an optimal set of actions from a number of possible actions.
The model is developed within the framework of bi-level programming problem, where a multimodal multi-user assignment technique is incorporated within the lower level problem that explicitly takes into account passenger and freight flows, and the various activities within the terminals. The upper level problem optimises the combination of actions such that the freight-related benefit-cost ratio is maximised. The feasible actions include improving the existing infrastructure as well as establishing new roads, sea links and freight terminals. This type of problem can be considered as a combinatorial optimisation problem, where evolutionary computation techniques based on genetic algorithms can be applied as solution procedures.
The model is tested on the freight transport network in Java Island, Indonesia, where freight transport network development is desired to increase the utilisation of other modes rather than road-based vehicles. Results revealed that the procedure based on Genetic Local Search could provide better performance and could adequately find the best combination of actions among available alternatives.

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Theories and technique of “soft computing” have been progressing rapidly partially because of high computing ability. In the soft computing, modeling is flexible, and we can promisingly carry out transportation research from a different standpoint from the previous ones. We apply “agent technique,” which is one of soft computing, to analyze behavior of a transportation system. We make a transportation system model as an aggregate of adaptive agents, who choose departure time and route simultaneously, and make an analysis of the day-to-day dynamics and behavior of agents.

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It is important to introduce the systematic evaluation method with quantitative index into the urban landscape evaluation. The aim of this study is to analyse the structure of urban landscape in local city by using the knowlege base system for the urban landscape evaluation. Therefore, the urban landscape evaluation system for the cooperative housing which was constructed in our previous research is advanced to the new systematic evaluation system. In this study, the knowledge for landscape evaluation is compiled, and it is possible to derive particular result of evaluation in details for all object by using the evaluation system. As a result, knowledge to build moderate urban landscape in local city was summerized. Since, it becomes useful to reconstruct and use of knowledge for urban landscape evaluation.

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State of urban traffic is described as a complex system based on various essential elements in this study. Particularly, variety of travel behaviour in the state appearing with urban transport policy is described as artificial society. Artificial society model based on autonomous agents of trip maker would be created. Daily variety of travel behaviour is observed with using the multi-agent simulation in the artificial society. A concrete description of a complex aspect is tried such as the existing research of complexity system. Therefore, the possibility of analysis for state of urban traffic with describing as complex system can be summarized.

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The descison tree method as a machine learning technique is applied to describe the decision mechanisim in travel behaviour. Four algorithms of decision tree such as ID3, C4.5, fuzzy ID3 and fuzzy C4.5 are introduced to establish the modal choice models. The modelling based on knowledge acquisition from large scale databease would be significant in the description of diversity in decision and the estimation accuracy comparing to conventional approach. Furthermore, it is confirmed that afterward pruning can summarize the information to produce the fuzzy decision tree with variety and high ability of estimation. Finally, the applicability of descion tree based on information gain to the travel behaviour analysis.

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Usually we use the “The Manual of Economical Investigation of River Improvement” which was developed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport to calculate the amount of damage caused by flood disaster in an area.
The manual uses numerical values such as the nationwide Average Fundamental Quantity (AFQ) to ascertain the value of the damage incurred in the impacted area of the flood disaster. On the other hand, the manual does not take into account the impact of the flood disaster on related businesses in the surrounding areas. Therefore, if the manual is used alone, it will not provide an accurate calculation of the total ‘flood disaster-loss’ for the affected area.
In that regard, the questionnaire survey was conducted in the Tokai region in the stricken business district as a result of damage from heavy rain flood which occurred in September 2000. In addition, the structural features of places of business were studied and suggestions on how the manual can be improved to accurately calculate the amount of damage the city received due to flood disasters were suggested.

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This paper aims to reveal the structure of the realm around Kiyomizu, Kodaiji, and Gion in the middle 18^th century from an analysis of the diary of Norinaga Motoori. After making out the contemporary map of the era using pictorial data, the diary was read to analyze the spots as strongholds for particular activities and individual footprints. As the result, the frame structure of the landscape area which was experienced by Norinaga was shown; the collective loop-lines of routes which strode border of the temple and shrine precincts comprised a network of whole footprints, and 4 types of strongholds were arranged in the important points of the wayside.

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In this study, it was focused on the Mobility Management (MM) in the workplace, less practical and scientifical findings than the mobility management to the household and it in school. This study focused on the organizational programs of MM in the workplace, and a survey was conducted for the business office located in Saitama Prefecture to investigate the attitude towards the organizational programs, consciousness of the commute behavior using household car. As a results, we found that the organizational motivation for reducing employees’ commute by their household car consisted of both ‘selfish’ motivation and ‘public’ motivation.

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This study aims to illustrate the characteristics of our understanding of geography with respect to “yamaate” that is the method for fishermen to identify and name fishing sites. Sea maps and computer graphic software are used to grasp the locations of the fishing sites and the view from those points. As a result, the various types of relationships between two mountains are shown, and it is clarified that those relationships refer to the rise in the sea, that is, a fishing spot.

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In the improvements of barrier free facilities based on the “Traffic Barrier Free Law,” it should be decided the improvement priority from the various viewpoints, such as the budget constraints of the related local governments and transport companies, the consensus among them, and the benefits of aged or handicapped people. In this study, we proposed three decision criterias of improvements priority. Then, taking into consideration of the system of the “Traffic Barrier Free Law” and the budget constraints, we searched the improvements priority based on each criterion. Moreover, we made clear the characteristic of the improvements priority based on the “Traffic Barrier Free Plan in Kyoto City.”

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The existence of “silent group” who do not reply to surveys and/or who would not express their opinions has become big issue in planning fields. In this research, authors analyzed the consciousness of residents who would not express their opinions to the micro-area transportation planning that has been developed in Yanaka area in Tokyo. In conclusion, they found that the silent group has not necessarily accepted the proposed plan. Residents' awareness was found to be limited to the problems occurring in their extremely small neighborhood. It was also found that the response rate to surveys was heavily influenced by this fact.

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To reduce cycle times at large signalized intersections, it is necessary to understand how pedestrians can feel safety in refuge islands and to design the intersections based on a pedestrian two-step crossing system. For this purpose, we measured pedestrians' psycho-physiological burdens in waiting at refuge islands by an indoor experiment using a virtual walking simulator. As a result, we revealed the relationship among the structure of refuge islands, pedestrians' images toward the refuge islands and pedestrians' feeling of safety. We also considered how to set the level of service for refuge island design from the viewpoint of pedestrians' feeling of safety and what the important points to design more sophisticated refuge island are.

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The comparative analysis reveals that, depending on the insect species, the Anglo-Saxon Euro-American subjects ,less familiar to the insect sounds give as stimuli, either perceived the insects sounds as “noisy” auditory stimuli, or processed them as audio visual stimuli that induce image of “natural scenery”. This group generally gave low evaluation scores to the stimuli. Meanwhile, the Japanese subjects, familiar to the insect sounds, processed these sounds as audiovisual stimuli that evoke the images of “primal scenes”, regardless of the species of the insects. This group generally gave high scores to the stimuli. The findings of this study gives new clues to the process of the formulation of keynote sounds.

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Populations in most developed countries, including Japan, are expected to decrease rapidly, and the rate of elderly people is increasing simultaneously. These population dynamics will affect urban land structures. This paper shows how the dynamic trends in populations affect the urban structure, using a OLG model with two zones. The model has young and old generations in a closed city. This paper presents a description of how young and old generations reside in the two zones, and how such residential pattern changes according to the population dynamics. The dynamic paths of the welfare of young and old residents are discussed.

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The stability of the FKP mode RTK-GPS was tested in Tokyo Bay. As reference stations Electric Control Points(ECPs) of GSI (Geographic Survey Institute) were used. The test was conducted in three stages. First the stability of ECPs themselves has been checked for half a year from differences between authorized coordinates and daily coordinates of 14 ECPs in the Tokyo area. Secondly the coordinates of a local station located at Shin-Yokohama were continuously measured for 50 days by the FKP mode using five ECPs as reference stations located along the coast of the Tokyo Bay. Then lastly the coordinates of a moving station, a rover, set at a parking area in the midst of Tokyo-wan Aqua Line were observed using the same five ECPs for an hour. The standard deviation is 6 mm in planimetry and 11mm in height, which implies that application of FKP mode RTK is very promising for construction surveying and precise navigation.

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