Behavioral intention (BI) method is a new technology for demand forecasting. In this method, behavioral intention is directly measured from targeted people to imagine actual behavior in new traffic environment. BI method is based on the attitude theory, which is different from utility function models based on the reasoned choice theory in microeconomics. Therefore, all factors which affect traffic behavior do not need to be specified and converted into quantity to get included in function models. In this study, demand of Kumamoto-dentetsu railway LRT plan is forecasted by using BI method. Thus, LRT specific effects are considered in demand forecasting. Comparing the result with that of four-steps method, which is a traditional method for traffic forecasting, knowledge on application of BI method to new traffic policy can be obtained.

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  Any model is an idealization as well as elimination of an actual phenomenon. Traffic flow model is no exception. The authors have already advocated ‘Spring-mass system’ model, where car-following behavior is idealized as an analogy of physical dynamics by data oriented approach, instead of eliminating a driver's perception, reaction etc. from discussion. Therefore, each parameter of the model does not correspond one-to-one with driver's behavior. Furthermore, the relation between the microscopic model and a macroscopic phenomenon in traffic flow is nontrivial. The paper tries 1) to observe the traffic flow generated by the model through simulation and 2) to consider that the parameters of the model by a sensitivity analysis. The trial is positioned as a first step to illustrate and mitigate bottleneck phenomena on the interurban expressway.

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  Hardened pieces maybe cementitious materials collected from Nobiru-Port related structures built in the early Meiji era were evaluated by chemical methods. They were verified as mortar prepared with cement and sand. Unhydrated cement particles were observed in them by electron microscope. Size of cement particles, chemical composition of cement, and kind, quantity and state of clinker mineral coincided with the record on the cement manufactured in the early Meiji era. These results suggested that cement manufactured in the early Meiji era were used in the construction of Nobiru port.

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  The purpose of this study is to understand psychological determinants on trust in an involved party, degree of understanding information and acceptance of opinion from an involved party, concerning the future plan on the Daijyu-seki of the Yoshino river. The results of the questionnaire survey of Tokushima-citizens (545 responses and 20% response rate) were as follows. a) In the group of citizens with high interest, the main determinants was not procedural justice, but similarity of opinion between an involved party and themselves. In the group of citizens with low interest, the main determinants was not similarity of opinion between an involved party and themselves, but procedural justice. b) Main determinants of deeper understanding information relevant to future vision are similarity of opinion between an involved party and themselves, and ulilization of past experience as one's own. c) Citizenes have a tendency toward to accept the opinion of an involved party with the determinats on trust in an involved party and deeper understanding of the information, by opportunity of confirming about whole citizen's opinion.

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  This paper investigated the impacts of code of ethics on ethical levels of civil engineers based on Kohlberg's theory of moral development. It was hypothesized that maintaining possibilities of interpretation in code of ethics might enhance ethical levels of civil engineers. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment targeting civil engineers (N=396) and investigated the influence of differences in possibilities of interpretation in code of ethics on ethical levels of civil engineers. The obtained data statistically supported the hypothesis, and it was indicated that civil engineers who read through code of ethics with possibility of interpretation have a tendency to enhance their ethical levels. In addition, it was shown that the effect of possibilities of interpretation depends on experiences of reading current code of ethics and experiences of ethical problems.

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  In this research, we developed the simulation system for improvement of flood control and risk management in downstream areas of dam. This system calculates flood phenomena such as rising and overflow of the river in consideration of rainfall and flood control dam. In addition, this system simulates social action at the time of floods such as warning dissemination and evacuation behavior. And, the damage resulting from the flood can be evaluated on the basis of these results. Furthermore, because of its visual presentation, this system is used to educate the general public; in some sense, this system can be considered as a risk communication tool.

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  This paper aims to analyze both environmental and safety effects on freight vehicle traffic by using digital taco-meters with talking guidance, which support eco-driving of drivers. The data was derived from traffic records of 315 commercial trucks. As a result, it was clarified that this eco-driving support system was very useful on both environmental and safety aspects shown as follows; fuel consumption rate (km/l) went up 6.1% on large class trucks and 9.4% on middle class trucks. In addition, driving behavior of drivers shifted to more safety driving from the view point of speed, acceleration and deceleration. Moreover, the number of traffic accidents and damage cost caused by accidents were dramatically decreased.

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  In this study, we propose the visioning model as an analytical tool of vision-led decision making for the sustainable urban transport strategy in the depopulating society. It is applied to the analysis of transport strategies and urban compaction for 269 cities in 2030. The results indicate that 1) CO₂ minimization strategy will improve user's benefit and reduce CO₂ emissions, 2) urban compaction will reduce emissions but may lessen the benefit. Comparing the outcomes among cities, we found a) CO₂ minimization strategy is effective for the emissions reduction and the benefit improvement in large cities, b) smaller cities exhibit a trade-off beween these two effects, and c) urban compaction may alleviate such a trade-off.

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  This paper aims to discuss the characteristics of scenic views and topographic enclosure of the traditional gardens in Kyoto. We selected the gardens of Jyojyu-in and Jisho-ji, Nanzen-in, Shuon-an temples as case studies. As a result, we have found some common peculiar features of the methods of utilizing the landform characteristic to form an enclosed space and characterize various types of views, as a deep mountain view and a prospect view, by rimming and strengthening, contrasting the surrounding view.

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  In this study, we hypothesize that car would have negative psychological influence on pedestrians in shopping area. To validate the hypothesis, we conducted two surveys in the pedestrians shopping area of Jiyugaoka, Tokyo, i.e. interview survey for pedestrians to evaluate their feeling and observational survey to measure the level of phisical effects of cars on the pedestrians. To measure pedestrian's feeling, we used three indexes; easiness of walking, goodness of atmosphere of the road and the level of delight while walking. We compared these indexes between with or without the phisical effect of cars on pedestrians. The results indicated that pedestrian without the phisical effects of cars evaluated higher than those with it for all these indexes significantly. The result supported the hypothesis.

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  Regional public transport in mature society has been playing an important role of supporting civil life. However, citizen's mobility level has been decreased, because bus services in Japan have run on a self-paying basis, and the number of its passengers tend to be decreasing.
  In this paper, we suggested the evaluation methods for regional public transport especially bus services considering on citizen's mobility level. In addition, we carried out some case studies in Japanese municipalities in order to make sure if we can apply quantified citizen's mobility level defined in this study to the regional public transport planning. In other words, we tried to be specified features of limited mobility groups and unprofitable bus routes which was essential in order to achieve a minimum level of citizen's mobility.

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  Underground urban expressways which have great potential to settle many existing transportation-related problems may pose unknown risks regarding traffic safety. Vehicle accident in tunnel can more seriously damage road infrastructure and human life than outside roads because of its closed space especially in deep underground road. Therefore, it is important to consider the safety countermeasure for preventing not only a single-vehicle crash but also multi-vehicle crashes which are more damaging. We conducted a unique driving experiment with virtual reality (VR) where the multiple subjects can drive simultaneously in the same roadway space. With this experiment, we collected the microscopic driving data of multi-vehicle accidents that originated in a single-vehicle accident. The results of data analysis reveal some important factors causing the occurrence of multi-vehicle accidents and simulate the probability of the occurrence of multi-vehicle crashes.

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  The parking attendant system, which was installed in June 2006 to employ certified citizens, is a drastic amendment of the Road Traffic Act regarding the on-street parking regulations. It was expected that this amendment would lead to a significant change in the parking behavior of drivers on roads. In this study, the effects of the installation of the new system are statistically shown based on the changes in parking time, purpose of parking, and behavior of leaving a car (a driver leaves a car, making the car empty, for a while), etc. The survey for this study was conducted three times: before, just after, and one year after the installation of the new system. As a result, expected and unexpected changes in parking behavior were observed. In addition, the queuing model was adopted for analyzing on-street parking behaviors, and the effects of the new system were discussed from the viewpoint of the reduction of cars wandering around to find parking space.

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  In this study, user equilibrium assignment models under stochastic demand and supply with perception error on route costs are proposed. The user equilibrium assignment models can be formulated as stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) if taking into account the perception error and deterministic user equilibrium (DUE) otherwise. Evaluation factors for route choice assumed in this study are mean of travel time and its standard deviation. If standard deviation is taken into account in DUE, corresponding user equilibrium model is formulated as a nonlinear complementary problem due to non additive route cost. Numerical experiments are carried out to examine the solutions from the user equilibrium models proposed in this study.

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  Emergency and recovery housing policies give benefits to victims by improving poor living conditions after losing houses due to disaster. These benefits are estimated by analyzing the victim's choice among different dwellings. Stated choice method is applied to questionnaire data from 1,000 households in Nagaoka city, Nigata. Compared to living their own houses, living in evacuation center, temporary house, public rented house and rental dwelling cause 206, 160, 134, and 96 thousand yen losses per month respectively. These results are useful to plan efficient housing policies for disaster victims.

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  This paper investigates the economic benefits of the advanced discounted fee system in a monopolistic service market with the constrained supply capacities. The advanced discounted fee system functions as an allocation mechanism by which the limited service capacities are allocated to those who have higher utilities under the heterogeneity in consumers' preferences and demand uncertainty in demands. The market equilibrium model is formulated to investigate the economic benefits of the advanced fee systems. The profit and social welfare are improved by the advanced discounted fee systems, while the consumer surplus is worse off. In order to mitigate the income transfer from the households to the firms, the fees are necessary to be regulated by the government.

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  Dry bulk cargoes, such as coal, iron ore, grain etc., are raw materials for many industries and foodstuffs for our daily lives. Therefore, bulk cargo shipping is one of the most important lifelines. But the information concerning bulk cargo shipping is very little, because most of the bulk cargoes are shipped by tramper for specific shipper and unloaded at shipper's terminals. Based on this background, this study developed the procedure to specify bulk carrier movement and analyzed the bulk cargo shipping to East-Asia Region. Relations between berth dimensions and ship sizes were analyzed in particular.

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  The purpose of this paper is to investigate the change of people's attitude toward public works during the past several years. For this purpose, we implemented a questionnaire survey that follows up to the previous survey conducted by Yano et al. in 2001. Panel respondents were 76 residents of Kyoto city. From the panel data, we analyze change of their cognition about negative/positive viewpoints toward public works. The result of the analysis indicated that the cognition of “public works construct useless things” has increased significantly from 2001 to 2006, but the other cognitions have not changed significantly. The result implies that people's understanding about the significance and necessity of public works has declined during the past 5 years.

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