The authors quantitated the chemical components in the aqueous humor and the serum in eight anesthetized horses and thirty-one fractured horses to euthanasia. The chemical components of the serum were within normal range through the cases. The values for sodium, potassium, chloride and glucose in the aqueous humor were same as in the serum, while calcium, inorganic phosphate and total protein were less in the aqueous humor than in the serum. The chemical components and the enzyme activities in the aqueous humor were compared with the left and right eyes on the same horses. The values of chemical components of the aqueous humor were same in both eyes and the enzyme activities were low as regards LDH and GOT in the right eyes.

Various ocular symptoms such as increased lacrymation, protrusion of the eyeball from the orbital cavity, opacification of the cornea, disclosed nictitating membrane and pupilloplegia were frequently observed in a closed-colony of the Japanese White rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus var. domesticus). Histopathological examination revealed the disease entity of these symptoms to be buphthalmia, ie. congenital glaucoma. Sixteen of 24 clinically healthy rabbits from the present colony including 7 sucklings also exhibited some of the glaucomatous lesions. The incidence and morphology of the lesions in Fontana's space and intrascleral channal indicated that they represent the pressure atrophy due to an increase in intraocular pressure rather than hypoplasia or aplasia of the drainage angle.

Since 1975, photographs on ccular fundus of over 23 species belonging to Anthropoidea and Prosimii were collected.

A portable fundus camera made by Kowa Co., Type RC-2, was used for regular and fluorescein or indocyanin green angiographies under the anesthetic condition of investigated primates. Narrow or other gelatin filters were used for above regular snap or angiography of retina.

Generally, figures of Anthropoid's fundus were in same pattern. Oval or round optic discs were fresh and milky in color, and clearly distinguished from surrounding tissue. Retina was well pigmented excluding Owl monkey in South America.

In Japanese Macaques, Macaca fuscata yakui was peculiarized by its all tesselated retina. Creamy colored optic disc, however, was clearly observed.

Macaca fuscata fuscata in western district of Japan Islands showed tigroid retina partially.

In young stage of Anthropoids, retinal surface was observed as vinyl coated and bad high reflex activity for inserted light.

In Anthropoid families, Aotus trivirgatus was unique in fundus figure. This nocturnal species showed brilliant right colored retina having high reflex for inserted light. Macula could not be observed in examined cases of this species.

In Prosimian families, nocturnal animals, Galago crassicaudatus and Nycticebus coucang showed well developed Tapeum lucidum. In the other hand, diurnal species, Demur catta had high reflex tapetal zone in retina. The latter could be thought as a sample of time gap of evolution and adaptation. In this Sub-Order, Tupaia glis, diurnal tree shrew showed exotic ocular fundus. Distribution of the retinal vessels was similar to some species of rodents. However, well developed optic disc of this tree shrew had (pseudo) physiologic cup in central zone. Macula could not be observed in investigated Prosimians.

1. About two hundred White Leghorn female chickens were used to study the ERG, especially oscillatory potentials superimposed on the b-wave.

2. In this study, the stimulus was Xenon flash light of 20 Joule and time constant was 0.003msec. Normally, oscillatory potentials consist of three to six wavelets in ERG of adult chicken.

3. The oscillatory potentials of chick embryo first appeared on the 19th day of incubation.

4. The oscillatory potentials became obscure as the dark adaptation level increased, while they became prominent as the light adaptation level increased.

5. The b-wave of adult chicken ERG could be separated into cone responses (b_p, photopic b-wave) and rod responses (b_s, scotopic b-wave) by the simple procedure.

Apparently healthy 211 colony-born cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) aged from 0 day to 19 years were examined for the findings of the ocular fundus by using ophthalmoscope. Those monkeys were anesthesized with ketamine-HCl at a dose level of 10 mg/kg. After anesthesia, one drop of the mixed solution of 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride was instilled into each eye of the monkey. Photographs were taken with a Kowa RC-II ophthalmoscope camera by using daylight typed color film, Fujichrome 100. The flash intensity for taking photographs was set at 50W-2 of the transformer's position.

Following findings were obtained in each age class:

(1) Retinal color was salmon pink with 0 to 14-days-old monkeys, blue to green with 3-months to 1-year-old monkeys and brown with 7-years-old monkeys.

(2) As regards optic disc, 0- to 14-days-old monkeys were observed light orange in color, and the monkeys aged more than 3 months showed orange color.

(3) Physiologic cupping which can usually be observed in normal human optic disc was not detected in any monkeys of each age class.

(4) Retinal arteries and veins were lightly reddish in the color with every age class.

(5) Macular color was salmon pink in 0-day-old monkeys, slightly dark in 14-days-old monkeys and very dark after 3 months of age.

(6) Little retinal reflex was noted in 0-and 14-days-old animals. The reflex was observable in 3-months-old monkeys without fail, attaining the strongest intensity in 1-year-old monkeys and gradually decreading its intensity in 3- to 19-years-old animals.

(7) Central pit's reflex was detectable after 1 year of age.

(8) Persistent hyaloid artery was seen only in 0- and 14-days-old monkeys.

These findings will be useful as the criteria for ophthalmoscopic observations of the cynomolgus monkeys as laboratory animals.