Facial aesthetics play a critical role in shaping customers' first impressions of frontline retail workers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mandatory mask-wearing obscured key facial features, making the selection of appropriately colored face masks increasingly important for maintaining a professional appearance. This study conducted a psychological experiment to examine how face mask colors influence consumers' image perceptions in Taiwan. Using the Delphi method, ten experienced retail experts selected twelve image-related adjectives—derived from Kobayashi's Color Image Scale to construct an evaluation questionnaire, which was then used by thirty-eight university students to assess nineteen colored face masks. Applying the semantic differential method and exploratory factor analysis, three key image factors—Stoic, Refined, and Fashionable—were identified and validated through a review of relevant academic literature. Pearson correlation analysis showed that for colored face masks, Stoic was negatively correlated with lightness and Refined was negatively correlated with chroma. For neutral-colored face masks, Stoic remained negatively correlated with lightness, and Fashionable also exhibited a negative correlation. Generational differences were also observed, as Gen Z students' perceptions differed from those of Gen X/Y retail experts. Overall, the findings provide practical guidance for selecting face mask colors that enhance the professional image of frontline retail employees.

This paper proposes “Time-Axis Design Protect” as a framework for aligning the temporal dynamics of design-generated value with the time structures of intellectual property regimes. Building on Matsuoka's concept of time-axis design, the study interprets patents, designs, copyrights, trademarks, and unfair competition law as temporal devices that operate along distinct legal time axes. It then models design's experiential, affective, and symbolic value as trajectories across concept, introduction, growth, maturity, and legacy stages, and examines resonance, transition, and gap zones between experiential time and legal time. The paper finally outlines principles and components of Time-Axis Design Protect as a basis for time-conscious design strategy and IP policy.

Traditional Javanese houses are not only understood as physical shelters, but also as entities rich in philosophical, cultural, and linguistic meaning. Terms such as omah, griya, and dalem indicate layers of meaning that represent the depth of the relationship between the inhabitants and the space, as well as the connection between the house's function and Javanese philosophy of life. Through qualitative research using a narrative approach based on document studies and ethnolinguistics, this study shows that omah becomes a living spatial narrative: each room (regol, kandhang, palataran, pendhapa, dalem, pawon, gandhok, jayengan, to pakiwan) has its own role, function, and symbolism that is closely related to the ethics, cosmology, and worldview of Javanese society. These spaces support daily activities, shape identity, morality, and social harmony, and serve as a medium for teaching life values. Thus, the house is a “language of space” that unites the material, social, and spiritual dimensions of life. This reflects the Javanese view of harmony, balance with nature, respect for God and ancestors, and the search for a peaceful and meaningful life.

This study examined the effects of two interface design variables—operation interface (traditional vs. circular) and head-up display (HUD) information type (progress bar, numerical, icon)—on player-game interaction (PGI) using third-person shooter prototypes developed in Unity and tested on an 11-inch Mi Pad 5 tablet. Employing a 2 × 3 between-subjects factorial design with tasks varying from simple navigation to complex shooting, results indicated that the circular interface enhanced performance in intermediate and difficult tasks, whereas HUD type had no significant main effect. An interaction effect appeared in non-shooting tasks: numerical displays prolonged completion times with circular interfaces, while icon displays delayed tasks using traditional interfaces. NASA-TLX results revealed low demand but high effort, minimal frustration, and strong user satisfaction.

Shared space is an integrated street design concept for creating high-quality and humanized public space. Further exploration of the mobility experiences among various road users in shared space will help better understand their perception and contribute to user-centered urban transportation systems. The relationship between paving design and the mobility experience of road users has not yet been fully explored. This study conducted two impression evaluation experiments using CG videos, collecting 109 valid responses. The results showed significant differences in the perception of mobility experience between pedestrians and drivers, especially regarding the “sense of priority.” These differences were influenced by design elements, such as cobblestone, colored paving designs with slight differences in brightness, which provided pedestrians with a significantly higher “sense of priority” than asphalt. The study also found that designs positively influence pedestrian priority can reduce driver dominance, encourage active transportation modes, and increase shared intentions between drivers and pedestrians.

Acute subdural hematoma is a severe judo head injury caused by bridging vein rupture under rotational loading, where post-impact angular and linear accelerations are key contributors. Conventional headgears have issues both with safety and practicality. This study clarified design requirements for the headgear balancing safety and practicality using Multi-space QFD and Interpretive Structural Modeling, then designed and fabricated a prototype featuring occipital-only protection, an uncovered posterior neck, breathable fabric, multiple adjustment mechanisms, and washability. The effectiveness of the prototype was examined via dummy-based occipital impact tests and sensory evaluation. Compared with no headgear, the cushioning material we suggest reduced angular acceleration by 56% and linear acceleration by 45%, and the prototype received higher ratings in items including breathability and impact mitigation.