The purpose of the present electromyographic study in dogs was to elucidate the correlation between gastric and duodenal motility.
The action potentials at the pyloric portion of the stomach and the first portion of the duodenum were recorded on, 1) the non-treated control stomach, 2) the transected stomachs to induce hypermotility of the pyloric portion, 3) the vagotomized stomachs following transection to reduce the peristaltic activity, 4) and on the vagotomized stomachs (without transection).
The results were as follows:
1) The duodenum in 35.7 per cent of the cases showed action potentials in correlation with the gastric action potentials.
2) The correlation was increased in the transected stomachs, and slightly decreased in the vagotomized stomachs.
3) The gastric action potentials in the transected stomachs showed a tendency of correlation with more distal portion of the duodenum than those in the non-treated control stomachs. This finding was not altered significantly by vagotomy . When the duodenal electrode was placed more distally, the action potentials of the pyloric portion were less frequently correlated.
4) The discharge interval was more prolonged and the propagation velocity was larger in the correlated spikes than those of the non-correlated spikes.
5) The frequency of the antiperistalsis at the pyloric portion was more decreased in the correlated cases than in the non-correlated ones. Normoperistalsis at the pyloric portion showed a tendency of higher rate of correlation with the duodenum than those of antiperistalsis.
6) The duodenal spikes in the correlated cases were more frequent than those in the non-correlated cases.

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Effects of autonomic agents on the responses produced by hypogastric nerve and transmural stimulation of the hypogastric nerve-seminal vesicle preparation of the guinea-pig were examined. Hexamethonium and nicotine blocked the responses to hypogastric stimulation leaving the contractions due to transmural stimulation . TTX and xylocaine blocked both responses. Spontaneous contraction which was observed in 30% of the preparation was not abolished by TTX, hexamethonium, guanethidine and atropine. Acetylcholine, metacholine and noradrenaline elicited or potentiated the spontaneous activity.
Adrenaline, noradrenaline, phenylephrine and nialamide enhanced the responses produced by the stimulation of hypogastric and transmural stimulation while guanethidine and phenoxybenzamine reduced the responses. Acetylcholine, metacholine, carbachol and cholinesterase inhibitors increased the responses. Atropine and bevonium inhibited the responses. Required pulse number in the transmural stimulation for producing the contraction was decreased in nialamide, metacholine, carbachol, physostigmine and neostigmine and increased in phenoxybenzamine, guanethidine and atropine.
The possibility that adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms operate independently of each other in the seminal vesicle preparation was discussed.

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An influence of a new antispasmodica, SA-504, 1, 1-Dimethy1-5-methoxy-3-(dithiene-2-ylmethylene)-piperidinium bromide upon the myogram and intraluminal pressure of the human colon was studied. The myogram and intraluminal pressure curves were measured by inserting a balloon attached with electrodes into the area approximately 25-30 cm proximally from the anus in three patients with irritable colon syndrome. The increased intestinal motility of the sigmoid colon, which had been previously stimulated by either subcutaneous injection of 1.0 mg of neostigmin or intravenous administration of 1 u/kg of secretin, was inhibited about 3-5 minutes after intramuscular injection of 7.5 mg of SA-504.
It may be concluded that SA-504 has an inhibitory effect upon the human large intestinal motility and the drug may be usefll clinically.

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Intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of an effective analgetic, 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-dimethylaminomethyl cyclohexanol (1) hydrochloride (K-315), increased the tone and motility of the small intestine and the sphincter of Oddi in the anesthetized dog and rabbit. The excitatory effect was not abolished after atropine.
The small dose of the drug caused an increased contraction of the isolated small intestine in rabbits, while the large dose induced an inhibitory effect and also inhibited the increased contraction elicited by acetylcholine. After atropine or tetrodotoxin the excitatory response was not abolished. It is supposed that the small dose of K-315 stimulates directly the intestinal muscle.

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The studies were carried out to define the motility of the stomach, especially of the upper portion of the stomach. Observation was made on thirty-seven laparotomized mongrel adult dogs by means of mechanical tracing with strain gauge. The stomachs were stimulated with neostigmine injection. After the observation, the stomach was resected and stripped the mucosa to investigate the relationship between the recording point and the gastric muscular layers.
The following results were obtained;
1) The frequency of contractile waves on the fundus was about 2/min.(these waves were named a-wave) and the frequency on the antrum was about 4/min.(b-wave).
2) The measured contractile forces of the “a-wave” were strong at the fundus and weak at the body. On the other hand that of the “b-wave” were strong at the antrum and weak at the body. And no “a-wave” was recorded at the antrum.
3) The “b-wave” was considered to have close relation with the circular musclehowever the relation between the “a-wave” and the oblique muscle was not clear.

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In order to observe the frequency of the defecation as well as the form of the feces, bull-frogs (Rana catesbeiana) were fed once a day on fresh calf liver for 42 days from May through July in 1972. One group being fed on 5 g of liver, while the other one on 10 g of it. The temperature of the frog keeping room was kept at 20.5-31.3°C. The results obtained were as follows:
(1) There were 1-4 compressions on the surface of the feces extruded in a short time after thecapture of animals. It may be presumed that the compressions are due to the tonic constriction rings produced on the large intestine at the moment of the defecation.
(2) Among the former group the defecation interval of 12-24 hours ranked first (38.9%), and that of 24-36 hours came second (18.5%), that of 0-12 hours (17.1%) third, being followed by that of 36-48 hours (10 .9%); defecations (85.5%) for the most part thus occurred with intervals shorter than 48 hours . In the latter the intervals of defecations showed the tendency similar to that seen in the former .
(3) When the animal defecated, it firstly set its hind legs slightly apart from each other, raising the coccyx a little, and the anus then swelled out to extrude the feces .When the extrusion of the feces was incomplete, the anus rhythmically repeated its swelling, the interval of which coincided with that of the large shortening contraction of the large intestine.

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Experimental studies on the mechanism of the intestinal contractile frequency were performed electromyographically. The spike discharges were recorded from the intestinal wall of mongrel dogs with several surgical procedures. The frequency of spikeburst as a pattern of electromyogram was investigated
1. In the jejunum, the intestinal segment of approximately 5 cm in length, was isolated. The frequency in this segment was 12.6 cycles per minute (cpm).
2. The frequency was measured after transection and reunion of the lower ileum. The result in the upper part from anastomotic line was 13.3 cpm and in the lower part, it was 10.5 cpm.
3. The transection and reunion was performed approximately 2 cm distal from the choledocho-duodenal junction. The frequency in the upper part of anastomosis was 18.4 cpm and it was 13.7 cpm in the lower part. When the same procedure was performed in the proximal area from the choledocho-duodenal junction, the frequency in distal to the transection was 17.6 cpmand it was 17.7 cpm after pylorectomy. These results showed the same frequency as normal condition in the duodenum. Therefore when the transection and reunion was performed in the area where proximal from the choledocho-duodenal junction, there were no remarkable changes inthe frequency of the lower part of anastomosis.
4. When an upper jejunal segment of approximately 5 cm in length was interposed to the lower ileum under isoperistaltic anastomosis, this segment demonstrated the original pattern as usual of the jejunum.

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