The effects of some drugs on the hepatic circulation were examined by thermoelectrical and electromagnetic methods under pentobarbital-anesthesia in normal and CCl₄-pretreated cats.
The following results were obtained.
1. Both adrenergic α and β receptor functions were involved in the regulation of the hepatic circulation of normal cats.
2. Three calcium blockers (nifedipine, nicardipine, diltiazem) had different potencies in increasing the hepatic blood flow of normal cats.
3. The isolated veins including portal vein showed the regional difference in the responsiveness to calcium blockers.
4. In CCl₄-pretreated cats, adrenergic α receptor function was dominant in the control of hepatic circulation and diltiazem raised portal venous pressure.

View full abstract

The present investigation was undertaken in order to examine the change in ureteral peristalsis during acute complete occlusion of the ureter. Unilateral ureteral obstruction was produced in 13 mongrel dogs. Parameters consisting of the ureteral intraluminal pressure, ureteral electromyogram (EMG), urine volume, specific gravity of urine, and blood pressure were measured simultaneously during occlusion.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) Under the condition of complete occlusion, the resting ureteral pressure inducing the shortest discharge interval (less than 4 seconds) was in the range of 15-20 cmH₂O.
2) When the resting pressure increased over 25 cmH₂O, the effective contractile pressure due to ureteral peristalsis disappeared in 7 ureters despite their EMGs were persistent. In cases where the contractile pressure was maintained, it tended to decrease gradually.
3) The conduction velocity of peristalsis did not change significantly in both cases.
4) No significant changes were seen in the urine volume, specific gravity of urine, and blood pressure. On the other hand, slight retrograde peristalsis was observed in 8 dogs under the condition of obstruction.

View full abstract

The new additional operation for the prevention of the gastric stasis after the selective gastric vagotomy with antrectomy (SV+A) was performed.
Our additional operative procedure was followed: After selective gastric vagotomy and antrectomy, gastroduodenostomy was anastomosed at acute angle with the longitudinalis of the stomach. Then, both lesser and greater omentum were incised outside of the gastric vessels. After these procedure, posterior wall sided to lesser curvature was fixed with the edge of the hepatogastric ligament and posterior wall sided to greater curvature was fixed with the retroperitoneum inferior to the pancreas by several sutures.
The outcome of these treatments of the additional operation on SV + A enabled to shorten the duration of drainage of gastric juice, as well as smooth intake.
By fluoroscopic examination one month after operation, gastric stasis was observed on SV+A due to the contrast medium stored in the ptotic corpus, whereas, in the case of SV+A with our additional operation, smooth gastric emptying was observed without any stasis of the contrast medium, because the corpus was placed upper from the anastomosis portion.
In conclusion, our additional operation to SV+A was able to perform easy and safely, and was observed the effective prevention of gastric stasis.

View full abstract

The present investigation was undertaken in order to examine the ureteral action potentials following transient rapid rise of the intraureteral pressure. In 21 adult mongrel dogs, physiological saline and 5% formalin were injected into the left and right obstructed ureters, respectively to produce rapid rise of intraureteral pressure to 60 cmH₂O for 7 minutes, and then ureter was released from obstruction. In these experiments, recordings of ureteral electromyogram and intraureteral pressure were made. Histological changes of pelvi-ureteral system were also observed microscopically.
Results
1. After injection of physiological saline, discharge intervals were significantly shor-tened, but normal discharge intervals were restored when the ureters were released from obstruction. Under conditions of reobstruction, the discharge intervals were shortened and intraureteral pressure inducing the shortest discharge interval was 50 cmH₂O.
2. After injection of formalin, discharge intervals were significantly shortened, and the action potentials disappeared in 1 minute 28 seconds to 4 minutes 51 seconds after the injection in 18 out of the 21 ureters. No discharge was observedat 7 minutes after the injection in 16 out of the 18 ureters. In 14 out ofthe 16 ureters, however, the action potentials were restored when the ureters were released from obstruction or after the obstruction was readministered. Under conditions of reobstruction, discharge intervals were shortened, and intraureteralpressure inducing the shortest discharge interval was 20 cmH₂O.
3. Histologically, the loss of epithelium, as well as edema and vasodilatation in lamina propria, were observed only in the mucosa of the middle portion of the ureters receiving formalin.
The results of the present study show that a transient rapid rise of intraluminal pressure of the upper urinary tract caused by the injection of physiological saline or formalin, dose not have a significant effect on the ureteral action potentials, and that disappearance of the action potentials is refered to pharmacological action of formalin.

View full abstract

The need for a drainage procedure to facilitate emptying of the gastric tube remains a controversial issue. Then to elucidate whether we need a drainage procedure or not, on both gastric tube without drainage and with drainage, the author investigated the electromyographical changes of antrum and the manometric changes of pyloric portion before and after expansive stimulation, and observed the emptying of gastric tube. The results are summarized as follows:
1. In the gastric tube without drainage procedure, the prolongation of discharge intervals and the acceleration of propagation velocity were noted electromyographically, and the increase of pressure of pyloric portion was noted. When expansive stimulation was added, these findings were more enhanced.
2. In the gastric tube with pyloromyotomy, the states of electromyographical and manometrical excitation were weakened as compared with the gastric tube without drain-age, and the reaction to expansive stimulation was also decreased.
3. By addition of pyloromyotomy, the emptying of gastric tube was more accelerated and the pattern of gastric emptying became nearly stabilized.
The above results suggested that the gastric tube may need a drainage procedure to facilitate emptying.

View full abstract