The purpose of this paper is to overview the economics education at the secondary level in New Zealand in comparison with Japanese high school economics. Firstly, general educational system in New Zealand is briefly explained, and I point out some typical features of New Zealand educational system to compare it with Japan. Secondly, I clarify students' qualification of four tests that students must take during the last three years in secondary school so as to enter a university in New Zealand. In the final chapter, Auckland Grammar School is picked as one example for New Zealand high school, and students' life of this school is explained and also economics education in this school is examined using my observations of class attendance and school documents. In this analysis, as a subject that students take in secondary school in New Zealand, economics is not compulsory but optional unlike civics or politics/economics in Japanese high school. Contents of economics teaching in secondary school in New Zealand are almost the same in introductory courses of university, because there is no liberal arts education in New Zealand universities for freshmen and sophomores, so level of economics teaching is very high even in secondary school there. If a New Zealand student studies economics as one of five selective Bursary subjects from year 11 to 13, he/she takes test of economics at Bursary to enter a university at the end of year 13, and he/she can get good results, then he/she can have much possibility to choose any faculty or department in any university in New Zealand.

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The Report of the Waitangi Tribunal on the Kaituna River Claim was published in 1984, namely in the early stage of the Tribunal. At that time, the Tribunal could investigate only claims related from 1975 onwards because of the unretrospective power. Consequently, the claim was not a grievance stemmed from historical or colonised context but one of the contemporary environmental issues from a Maori point of view. The claimant Ngati Pikiao, one of Te Arawa's hapus, succeeded in getting remarkable findings and recommendations through the report. In the Report, pipeline proposal was regarded as inconsistent with the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, so that the Ministry of Works and Development was recommended to abandon the scheme. In addition, the Maori's cultural and spiritual values in environmental programmes was acknowledged with high regards. As a result, the Tribunal recommended to the Crown that the related legislation be amended to take Maoritanga into account. It resulted in the Resource Management Act of 1991, inputted Maori perspectives. In conclusion, this report is significant not only for Ngati Pikiao but also for Maori generally. Nowadays, Maori can participate in the environmental decision- making process. Furthermore, this report can be regarded as high significance for whole New Zealand, in that the consequent situation enable New Zealand to achieve a bi-cultural society at least in terms of environmental policies. The details is described through the main part written in Japanese.

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New Zealanders are coastal people. Eight thousands marine species, including 61 seabirds, 41 marine mammals, 964 fishes, 2000 molluscs, 900 seaweeds and others inhabit in the coastal areas which extend over 14,000 kilo meters. However, environmental issues such as downside effects on the water and an excess of fishing are present. Land based activities such as agricultural practices and loggings also cause land encroachment and catchment basin problem. Crucial issues are the privatization of fishery and the role of the Resource Management Act (RMA). About the Marine Reserve system, we can stress on some problems as under-written. ・A large number of Maori groups support a separation between the traditional marine management and the Marine Reserve system. ・Autonomous governments put emphases on the relationships between the Marine Reserve system and the NZ Coastal Policy Statement. ・A favorable attitude of the Ministry of Fisheries toward the commercial fishery has been criticized. ・Public participation for a scientific research on the coastal sea is still not institutionalized.

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The financial sector of New Zealand has undergone a period of dramatic change since 1984. Following the change of Government in that year, direct controls on the financial sector were largely removed. Removal of direct controls and subsequent legislative amendments to make financial markets more contestable have resulted in significant institutional changes within New Zealand's finance industry. At the end of June 2003 there were 18 registered banks. Under the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act 1989, the Reserve Bank is required to independently manage monetary policy - the supply of money and credit - to maintain overall price stability. In addition to that, the bank has other two main functions : promoting the maintenance of a sound and efficient financial system and meeting the currency needs of the public.

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I taught Japanese culture at the Department of Asian Studies from February to June. I lectured on tea ceremony, Japanese painting, calligraphy, Japanese costume etc. We cannot tell about Japanese culture without referring to Japanese four seasons. I explained Japanese four seasons by singing the songs which mean twelve months.

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I work as a Food and Beverage Industry analyst at one of major banks in Japan. Since I participated in Speight's Brewery and Cadbury Confectionery tours (as a tourist) in February 2004, I would like to take this opportunity to introduce them to you. If you are a beer or chocolate lover who happens to visit Dunedin in the future, then I suggest you book these tours for both sightseeing and tasting purposes. 1.Speight's Brewery [Facts] ・Established by Mr. Speights in 1876 ・Belongs to Lion Breweries as a result of amalgamation in 1920s ・Number of employees have dwindled to 38 due to modenization ・Brewery Tour has been operated since 1983 It includes introduction of beer history and manufacturing as well as tastings [Impression] It was interesting to take a look at a medium-sized brewery like this one, because in Japan there are only big suburban up-to-date breweries of major beer manufacturers and microbreweries in local areas. I was a bit surprised to find canning and bottling facility (in Christchurch) was separated from the brewery, as it is quite unusual in Japan. Presumably it is a good way of maintaining locally brewed brands while pursuing the merit of scale by canning and bottling many different brands at one facility. 2.Cadbury Confectionery [Facts] ・Arrived in Dunedin over 70 years ago when Cadbury acquired the business of R. Hudson & Co. Ltd. ・Produces about 85% of all chocolate manufactured in NZ ・One of the largest employers in Dunedin, with a staff of more than 650 people ・Public tour have started only within recent years It includes audiovisual displays and close-up looks of manufacturing processes [Impression] I did not find so much difference between this factory and Japanese confectionery factories (except perhaps a little more emphasis on hygienic control in the latter). But the fact the inventory here is lowest before Christmas Holidays reminded me that employees seem to be blessed with more rights and consumers are less overcautious about purchasing newer products, both compared with Japanese counterparts.

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In Japan, New Zealand pictures have come to be shown recently. 'Piano Lesson', 'Once were warriors', 'Whale rider' are among them. In spite of the differences such as historical background, urban and rural life, the relation between wife and husband or grandfather and granddaughter, there seems to exist a motif common to these movies. The basic motif of the movies is considered to be 'a confliction between male and female' based on sex. So I tried to examine the movies from the view point of gender. As a result, I could prove the following structure of the movies; 'male chauvinism' is a base from which 'woman resistance or flight' arises and finally woman survives.

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Beautiful Avon River flows in Hagley Park, Christchurch, NZ which is impressed favourably by the gardencity citizens. The river has some nice view points where are Botanic Gardens, Mona Vale, Riccarton House and others. I have been interested in this origin of river. About ten years ago, I found some fountains in Avonhead which came from the rains on the ground of Southern Alps and Canterbury Plains. The spring and stream vary seasonally with the water volume. Five years ago, I saw the drain and no water in the river, but last February I found the considerable stream from underground. In addition to the lovely river, there are many fine forests, houses, streets and gardens in Avonhead and neighborhood. As a symbol, I would like to refer to the Royds Street. The houses and gardens of the streets has good atmosphere, and the residents are eager to repair and to keep the beautiful houses and plants. They are no so expensive in money price, however, they are valuable in the quality of life.

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