The purpose of this study was to investigate the overhand float serving motion on the skill level using an observational evaluation method and the bio-mechanical analysis. Subjects of this investigation were 87 female college students. Fifteen key categories were selected for evaluating the serving motion. Subjects were filmed by VTR (shutter speed: 1/500 sec) on the process of taking a serve skill test. The main results obtained were as follows: 1) Overhand float serving motion of female college students were classified into 6 typical patterns. 2) Overhand float serving pattern that was classified by observational evaluation method had related to the serving skill accuracy. 3) Typical overhand float service patterns that were classified by observational evaluation method were analyzed biome chanically using stick pictures. There were remarkable differences between inexperienced serving patterns and experienced one on using upper body twist.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate on the theory of spike, especially fore swing. Result were as follows: 1. The back swing should be completed by the complex actions of arch and twisted body. 2. The contact point of spike should be basically created “O” on the horizontal axis upward and in front of player's forehead. 3. There are 4 types of fore swings and each of them basically swings the arm. 4. To have an ideal swing that is able to make the highest hit point, the shoulder should be set closest to the head and the elbow should be passed through the highest point.

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It is important to prevent chronic sports injuries. The coaches have a big înfluence on the young athletes for care of the injuries. We have surveyed shoulder injuries in the high school volleyball players and prevention of the injuries for players who were registered for the twenty ninth all Japan high school volleyball championship tournament. One thousand two hundred seventy two players (six hundred thirty six boys and girls each) and one hundred six coaches (one hundred three males and three females) were investigated by the questionnaire which were collected from approximately seventy percent of the players and sixty seven percent of the coaches. Shoulder pain was found among two hundred eighteen players (about twenty five percent of the players). The incidence of the shoulder pain was almost same for boys and girls. Stretching and massage and icing were done to care the shoulder pain for the players who had. Most of the coaches have advised their players to care themselves. However, several players have felt anxiety about that they don't know how to care the injury. This study has demonstrated that it is essential to prevent the injuries for the young athletes that both players and coaches need to acquire knowledge about prevention of the injuries and how to deal with the injuries. We would like to suggest following, :1. Both players and coaches master the knowledge of the sports medicine. 2. We stress the importance of the emergency measure. 3. The players take care of themselves. 4. We collect talented people who have the knowledge of prevention of the injuries, rehabilitation, and the mechanism of the injuries.

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The following implications are found from the analysis of appearances of the final rallying patterns and the results of the games among the leading collegiate teams: 1. Outcomes of the rallies play more important roles when not entitled to serve based on the correlation coefficients of the final rallying patterns and the results of the games. 2. The first attack starting from the first receiving of the service is important when not having the service. 3. The number of mistakes in returning the services on the other team while not having the serves affect on the overall results of the games. 4. While losing less points naturally leads to higher results of the games, the lower results are prevalent when the attacks after returning the services aren't final and decisive counter attacks are made. 5. When holding the service, better results are obtained if rallies are ended by decisive attacks. In which case, the game results are better when the ratio of longer rallies being ended by decisive attacks is higher.

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Libero system was adopted in volleyball games on this year. The purpose of this study was to investigate an availability of the Libero System. The results of reply on coaches of 115 high school volleyball teams in Shizuoka prefecture are summarized as follows; (1) Above 70% coaches admitted to the availability of the Libero System on volleyball games. (2) Upper level teams was using Libero system effectively more than lower level teams. (3) Libero system was effective to use short players in both upper and lower level teams. (4) Libero system had a factor to entertain volleyball games, however on the other hand it had a problem to be placed at a disadvantage for lower level teams.

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We analyzed women's Cuban team. It team's match analysis based on rotation phases in '97 international women's world champion's cup (November 14-23 1997). The Cuban team achieved a point rate of 32.88% and side-out success rate of 54.50%. Both rates were higher than those of the Brazilian, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean teams. When compared with the Russian team, the point rate was lower but the side-out success rate was almost equal. In terms of the technical evaluation of the team rotations, the Cuban team showed the highest point rate (41.9%) when played in R4, and the highest side-out success rate (61.9%) when played in R2. The most contributive players in the respective attack formations were the attacker No. 8 and blocker No. 14 in the case of R4, and the attacker No. 8 and blocker No. 18 in the case of R2. The most outstanding individual performer in terms of the contributive rate of points and side-out successes was player No.14 (point-22.7%; side-out success-21.1%). In the six-group comparison, player No.14 in the blocker group showed the highest point rate (35.44%) when she was in the forward row (R3-R4-R5), and player No.10 in the setter group showed the highest side-out success rate (57.45%) when she was in the forward row (R1-R2-R3).

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We analyzed women's Brazilian team. It team's match analysis based on rotation phases in '97 international women's world champion's cup (November 14-23 1997) The Brazilian team achieved a point rate of 32.78% and side-out success rate of 55.74%. Both rates were higher than those of the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean teams. Cuban team was 32.88%-54.50%, Russian team was 32.42%-57.58%. The Point rate was almost equal, The side-out success rate was a little higher than Cuban team but It was a little lower than Russian team. In terms of the technical evaluation of the team rotations, the Brazilian team showed the highest point rate (41.5%) when played in R2, and the highest side-out success rate (62.8%) when played in R6. The attack position and contributive rate of individual player's points (side-out successes) were "10 (26.6%-R. F.)-13* (30.6%-C. F.)-9 (26.5%-L. F.)-2 (16.3%-B)" for R2 and "14 # (4.1%-R. F.)-13* (26.5%-C. F.)-2 (44.9%-L. F.)-9 (12.2%-B)" for R6. The most outstanding individual performers in terms of the point rate and side-out success rate were players No. 6 (CR-P: 20.3% and CR-SS: 13.6%), No. 9 (18.6% and 20.6%), No. 10 (17.5% and 25.0%), No. 2 (16.4% and 20.2%) and No. 13 (14.1% and 12.9%). In the six-group comparison, player No. 9 in the attacker group showed the highest point rate (36.00%) when she was in the forward row (R2-R3-R4), and player No. 2 showed the highest side-out success rate (60.62%) when she was in the forward row (R5-R6-RI).

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