Soft volleyball was developed as new sporting games that anyone can easily enjoy according to the age, sex, physical fitness, and skill level. The purpose of this study was to categorize soft volleyball enthusiasts and capture their characteristics to obtain basic data for future popularization and development. Focusing on the player`s goal sacrificed, we categorized it using factor analysis, cluster analysis and confirmed whether there was a difference by analysis of variance. The results showed that soft volleyball enthusiasts were engaged in competition and life satisfaction as their primary objective. It was also possible to classify the enthusiasts into three types. Type A was primarily sacrificed competitiveness. Type B worked with a variety purpose thinking, such as self-health, leisure, and competitiveness. Type C aimed at self-health and competitiveness, but did not have purpose about leisure. Type B was the most recognizable effect by playing soft volleyball. It became clear that more effects can be enjoyed by performing for various purposes such as self-health, leisure, and competitiveness. It is also effective to approach people who have no experience of volleyball and increase the category of competition.

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Little attention has been paid to the distinguishing competitive characteristics of volleyball, despite the importance of this issue. This study treated these characteristics as lthe special characteristics that distinguish volleyball from other sports.z The purpose of this study was to clarify the distinguishing competitive characteristics of volleyball. The definition of volleyball, which describes these characteristics, is as follows: lVolleyball is a sport played by two teams on a playing court divided by a net, within the limit of three hits in the team allowed before sending the ball to the opponent's court, they repeatedly attack by aiming to have the ball contact the ground on the opponent's court, repeatedly defend against the same attacks made by the opposing team, and compete for a point obtained by winning a rally.z This study concluded that the symbolic moving form emblematic of volleyball is the lspike,z a typical scoring skill. The reason was the attack-point by spikes results in the highest number of points achieved in volleyball games.

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Tamaki et al. (2005) stated that it is necessary to show the numerical targets to improve sports skills. In volleyball, Miyakozawa et al. (1982) indicated the standard values dividing the winning and losing with Break Even Point. However, this study showed the values at 50% probability of win/loss. We need the percentage of winning and losing that are more clearly divided. The present study is to develop achievement standards and the item difficulties in volleyball with decision tree analysis and item response theory. The results could be applicable in practical coaching situations. The data were collected from the Kyushu University Women's Volleyball League (University Women) of 2018 and the V.LEAGUE Women's Division 1 (V-League) of 2018-19. As a result, the number of serve points (1.5 times), block points (2.5 times), and successful reception rate (AB) (74.1%) of the V-League were higher than that of University women. The item difficulties of the number of attack points were low in both categories (V-League: -1.464, University women: -0.486). It suggested that those were easy to achieve. Although the number of attack points was assumed to contribute to the winning of the match (Minowa and Yoshida, 1990), those were easy to achieve. It is concluded that scoring from serves and blocks may affect the strength of the team.

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The purpose of study was to investigate the tendency of sports injury histories among Japanese beach volleyball players that is a sand surface sports. A total of 187 players who participated in the All Japan Championship were subjected do by survey form about the history of injuries in each of the beach volleyball and indoor volleyball. At result, beach volleyball players had most lower limb injuries (52.3%) while indoor volleyball, especially were ankle injuries (30.8%). However, they had more upper limb injuries (45.1%) than lower limb injuries (29.4%) while beach volleyball, and they had few ankle injuries (5.9%) which was not much frequency. But, they had many shoulder injuries (33.3%) while beach volleyball, also lower back (19.6%), and knee injuries (11.8%). It was suggested necessity to injury prevention and physical conditioning to these locations for them.

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The purpose of the present study was to compare the offensive tactics between Beijing Olympic game（BOG）and London Olympic game（LOG）in Japanese women’s volleyball team. Especially, the present study focused on the spending times from the setter releasing the ball to the left side spikers or back spikers hitting the ball. This study analyzed 6 games（21 sets）in the BOG and 8 games（28 sets）in the LOG. The main results were as follows:（1）Because in the LOG spending time decreased in the back row spikes and increase the rate of spike effectiveness, the back row spike was good tactics in the LOG. （2）The effectiveness of left spiker was indirectly related to the increasing the rate of back row spike effectiveness. （3）The back row spikers tried to jump same place in the BOG, but the back spikers changed the place to jump to decrease the spending time in the LOG. When the setter moved to release place, the back row spikers moved the jumping place at the same time to decrease the distance. These findings suggested that to decrease the spending times from setter to spikers were one of the key strategies to success the competitive volleyball games.

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With the objective of clarifying which performance indices are correlated with the outcome of the game for attacks following serve-reception in international men's volleyball tournaments, this study analyzed the 2015 Volleyball Men's World Cup. The results obtained are as follows. (1) Considering all attacks when in-system, and using each team's percentage of winning the set as the variable, very strong positive correlations were confirmed for the attack efficiency (r =0.948, p ＜.001) and kill attack percentage (r =0.902, p ＜.001). (2) Considering quick attacks when in-system, and using each team's percentage of winning the set as the variable, a very strong positive correlation was confirmed for the attack efficiency (r =0.787, p ＜.01) and kill attack percentage (r =0.711, p ＜.01), and a relatively strong negative correlation was confirmed for the percentage of losing points from an attack (r =-0.582, p ＜.05). (3) Considering pipe attacks when in-system, and using each team's percentage of winning the set as the variable, very strong positive correlations were confirmed for the kill attack percentage (r =0.876, p ＜.001) and attack efficiency (r =0.784, p ＜.01), and a relatively strong positive correlation was confirmed for the attack attempt percentage (r =0.629, p ＜.05). (4) Considering front side attacks when out-of-system, and using each team's percentage of winning the set as the variable, a relatively strong negative correlation was confirmed for the blocked attack percentage (r =-0.606, p ＜.05).From the above, it became clear that in terms of attacks following serve-reception at the 2015 Volleyball Men's World Cup, in-system attacks are correlated with the outcome of the game, especially with correlations found in the potency and accuracy of quick attacks, and the potency and frequency of pipe attacks. In addition, it was confirmed that for out-of-system front side attacks, the points lost due to being blocked by the opponent had a correlation with the outcome of the game.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the current situation of dig success during a game in college women's volleyball by analyzing the response behavior and the types of hits during a dig play in a total of 30 games for college women's volleyball, The aim was to gain knowledge. And, as a conclusion, when comparing the upper and lower teams of the appearance rate by the dig-compatible operation, no significant difference was recognized in the A group, and in the B group, the higher team showed the dig in the stable operation. The appearance rate was significantly higher.1.As for the success rate by digcompatible operation, stable operation (A: 80%, B: 80%) is more stable in both A and B groups than unstable operation (A: 41%, B: 43%). The result was significantly higher. 2.With regard to the dig success rate by hit type, the dig success rate for soft hits (A: 56%, B: 63%) is the highest for both A and B groups, and thereafter, banging without touching blocks (A: 55%, B: 53%), and the bang (A: 48%, B: 45%) that touched the block showed the highest success rate.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify strategies of time-out acquisition of volleyball team leaders coaches. We investigated time-outs obtained from 174 volleyball team leaders coaches. We counted the number of times words appeared in time-outs, and made a hierarchical cluster analysis of the frequency of word appearance. We compared word frequency of long-term leaders coaches with that of short-term leaders coaches. Results showed frequently appearing words were“team,”“opponent,” and“consecutive.”We classified frequently appearing words in the clusters depending on whether the score made after timeouts was by the opponent team or a score because of a mistake. The short-term leader coach frequently used the words“team,” “player”and“serve,”while the long-term leader coach frequently used the words“opponent,”“set,”and“flow.”The greatest separation in scores before calling a time-out was three points with both leaders coaches. Results show leaders coaches regarded the state of the opposing team and their own team as important, and leaders coaches called time-outs to change a bad flow when the leader coach’s own team made a mistake, or lost points in succession. The physical condition of the players was also a factor in calling a time-out. Time-outs were also called as a game tactic. A continuous loss of three points was one situation in which a leader coach considered calling a time-out.

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In recent years, active learning has been actively conducted in which learners learn deeply, independently and interactively. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to practice an attempt to visualize the dissatisfaction that volleyball non-regular players could not participate in the game by active learning. As a result, verbalizing one’s thoughts, discussing with others, seeing things from different perspectives, and providing opportunities for presentations were for learners to actively learn and deeply understand what they were learning. It can be seen that they are contributing.

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The purpose of this study wasņto grasp the current situation of performanceņduring practices and games in class using volleyball as teaching materials, and to clarifyņa gap between the two. For that purpose, we collected data from the video of the class and examinedņthe ball movement during the game. During pass practice between two people, the most typical class activity, theņball trajectory was not changing direction and was the same distance, but the ball movement during the game was diverse and complicated. There were many direction changes and trajectory changes inņthe ball movement during the game. During the game, the ball trajectory was changing direction over varying distances, and the ball was not returned to the same person in many cases, as it was during pass practice between two people. It was found that there wasņa gap between practices and games, with many differences in performance between them.

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