This study investigated the effects of grading ability on accurate serving, a key perceptual– motor skill in volleyball players. Twenty male players were divided into a regular group and a non-regular group, with ten players in each. Participants performed maximal-effort serves and controlled serves aimed at a designated target. Serve velocity, deceleration rate, and error rate were analyzed to evaluate differences in grading ability between groups.
The results indicated that, in spike serves, the regular group demonstrated significantly higher serve velocities than the non-regular group, along with greater maximal output and more stable serve speed. These findings suggest that the regular group possessed superior grading ability in relation to maximal force production. In contrast, no significant differences in serve velocity were observed between groups for float serves, indicating that output level may have a limited effect on serve speed for this serve type.
During target-oriented serves, no significant group differences were found in mean serve velocity or deceleration rate during successful trials. However, the regular group tended to intentionally reduce serve speed when performing controlled serves, suggesting more appropriate adjustment of grading ability related to speed and control. Furthermore, error rate analysis revealed that the regular group exhibited significantly lower error rates overall and in float serves, indicating superior grading ability in terms of accuracy and control.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences in the utilization, scoring efficiency, and scoring opportunities of back attacks between teams and leagues in the Kanto University Volleyball Federation Division 1, which is considered a top-level league in the university women's category and has produced many national team players, and V.LEAGUE Division 1, the top domestic league. Through this analysis, the study aimed to provide fundamental data that could contribute to the further development of offensive tactics in Japanese women's volleyball.
The results of this study revealed significant differences in the proportion of attack attempts and scoring percentages among teams in both leagues (p < 0.01). It was found that there were variations in the utilization and scoring opportunities of back attacks among teams in both leagues, suggesting that each team may have different tactical approaches regarding back attacks. Furthermore, teams in the V.LEAGUE exhibited a higher utilization rate, scoring efficiency, and scoring opportunities for back attacks compared to teams in the university league. Additionally, in the league-wide comparison, significant differences were observed in attack attempt proportions, scoring efficiency, and scoring percentages between the two leagues (p < 0.01). This indicates that, across the leagues, back attacks are given higher priority as an offensive strategy in the V.LEAGUE than in the university league.
These findings suggest that there is still room for the development of back attack strategies in the university league. To achieve this, it is necessary to focus on developing players with high scoring ability in back attacks and adopting coaching approaches that effectively convey tactical objectives.

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This study aimed to examine intergenerational differences in tournament and tourism satisfaction among participants of a participatory volleyball event, specifically the 2023 All Japan 9-player Volleyball Club Cup Men's Championship, and to clarify the generational preferences between younger and middle-to-older groups. A survey was conducted on participants, and the data were categorized into a Younger Group (18-39 years old) and a Middle-to-Older Group (aged 40 and above) for comparison. Factor analysis revealed four factors for tournament satisfaction: F1: Operational Quality/Service, F2: Social Exchange/Mental Fulfillment, F3: Venue Facilities/Accessibility, and F4: Performance Evaluation. Three factors were extracted for tourism satisfaction: F1: Accommodation Service Quality, F2: Tourism Attraction/Convenience, and F3: Exchange/Experiential Value. Comparison of mean scores showed that the Middle-to-Older Group reported significantly higher satisfaction than the Younger Group in: (1) Tournament Satisfaction: "F1: Operational Quality/Service" (p < .05) and "F3: Venue Facilities/Accessibility" (p < .01); and (2) Tourism Satisfaction: "F2: Tourism Attraction/Convenience" (p < .05). This generational difference suggests that the middle-to-older group places greater value on event logistics and the external appeal of the destination. In contrast, the Younger Group's lower satisfaction with tourism elements may be attributed to a stronger focus on athletic achievement. These findings empirically demonstrate that the elements and priorities of satisfaction in sport tourism differ fundamentally by generation. This study contributes to the field by expanding knowledge into the underexplored domain of volleyball events and provides practical evidence for developing targeted strategies to enhance satisfaction among different age groups.

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This study investigates the JRT Volleyball Academy in Singapore as an example of a foreign club in order to obtain basic information to address the challenges in youth development and club management that the Japanese volleyball world is facing as the domestic league becomes more professional. Through an analysis of publicly available club documents and interviews with key stakeholders, the organizational structure and business operations of JRT were examined in detail. The findings indicate that JRT has established a sustainable club management model through diversified revenue streams, effective utilization of dedicated facilities, and clearly defined coaching fee structures. This model offers important insights for underdeveloped professional youth development organizations in Japan that have been established primarily for licensing purposes, as well as for clubs confronting financial constraints and shortages of qualified coaches during the transition from school-based sports activities to community-based systems. At the same time, the beneficiary-pays approach adopted by JRT may generate tension with the educational and community-oriented values traditionally cultivated through extracurricular sports activities in Japan. Accordingly, the transition of club activities to community-based models should not be limited to fee-based systems alone, and careful consideration of diverse management approaches that ensure fairness is essential. Furthermore, the international initiatives undertaken by JRT provide valuable lessons for the Japanese volleyball community, including the SV League, which aims to enhance international competitiveness. The case analysis of JRT suggests that this study contributes to the diversification of volleyball player development models in Japan and to efforts aimed at improving the sustainability of volleyball clubs.

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