In children, if the difference of foot progression angle (FPA) at the area of shoe sole wear is clarified, it will be useful information for the rehabilitation of ankle sprains and foot trauma. Therefore, the purpose was to investigate the differences in FPA in gait at the area of shoe sole wear in children.

172 elementary school children aged 6-12 years who participated in the medical health check-up were included in the study. We divided them into three groups (normal, medial, and lateral groups) according to the evaluation of wear area of the soles at heel. Spatiotemporal parameters and FPA at initial contact and during stance phase were calculated by three-dimensional gait analysis. In addition, abnormal foot by an orthopedic doctor was used.

Children that heel outsoles are worn on the medial had an internal rotation shift in FPA during gait, and they had high rate of abnormal foot. This study suggests the necessity of evaluation by three-dimensional gait analysis in addition to the evaluation of shoe soles.

A literature review and syllabus investigations were conducted to provide suggestions for adequate anatomy and physiology teaching in the university with a registered dietitians training facility. The Japanese Central Review of Medicine and CiNii databases were searched in this review, and 11 studies were included. The syllabus survey targeted 145 universities with registered dietitians training facilities. The course titles, timings, credits, personnel's job classification, and contents described in the syllabus of each university were obtained by searching their website and analyzed. Inadequate contents described in the syllabus regarding any of these items were treated as “unknown.” The literature review revealed the learning effects of human cadaver observation, biomedical museum observation, the practice of animal dissections, and syllabus investigations at some universities. The syllabus investigation indicated that only 1.4% of the universities provided observation practice of human cadavers; however, animal dissections were practiced in 47.6% of the universities. Moreover, the majority of courses were taught by medical doctors (45.2%), followed by nonmedical doctors (22.8%) and unknown (32.0%). Moreover, 18 courses in 10 universities, less than 10% of university, were taught by registered dietitians, nutritionists, or graduates from the nutrition department. As the animal dissections were performed in several universities, the learning effect is high in these universities. The animal dissections or human cadaver observations are shared by anatomy and physiology educators in universities with registered dietitians training facilities. The anatomy and physiology educators s in these universities were qualified doctors, nondoctors, or registered dietitians. Therefore, collaboration with anatomy and physiology educators and nationally qualified registered dietitians should be encouraged to improve the competence of the dietitians.

Dr. Buntaro Adachi has been reported by several researchers both in Japan and overseas, but the main content of the report comes from the soft tissue that occurs due to racial differences, the so-called soft anthropological idea. All the reports on the achievements regarding the “Japanese vascular system” that were made. This time, based on these previous reports, the author described Adachi's attitude toward research, books created as a result of thinking, dissertations and the character of Adachi leading to the creation of such dissertations. In particular, the factors behind whether the findings report of the “Japanese vascular system” created over the course of life led to seeking authority in Adachi's book among researchers and anatomical textbooks around the world are as follows. It can be summarized as follows.

1) Written in German, the mainstream of medicine at the time.

2) Since it was widely presented to medical universities around the world with the cooperation of the diplomatic missions outside the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it is still held in the medical university libraries around the world.

3) Since it was personally presented to a prominent overseas anatomist at the time, Adachi's achievements were cited in the study of the vascular system.

4) In Japan as well, it is presented to medical schools and medical university libraries and can be easily examined.

5) Benefit from the great support for Adachi by Yoshikiyo Koganei, it was able to make his name known overseas to Adachi in the world.

From the above, available on the personality, research achievements, and anecdotes about the publication of Japanese vascular research books of Dr. Buntaro Adachi, which were not mentioned in previous reports, based on the materials stored at Kyoto University, we made a report in addition to the previous reports.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the reports of second-year Faculty of Nursing students in an anatomical observation practice in order to clarify the characteristics of students' perspectives and thought processes as well as the content of their learning regarding the internal structure of the living body. Student reports “In preparation for the anatomical observation practice” (before) and “Following the anatomical observation practice” (after) were analyzed, and the subjects were informed that participation was voluntary and that they could withdraw their consent. Consent was obtained from 169 out of 203 students (response rate: 83.3%).

Using KH-Coder, student reports' description contents were organized by attribute, and word frequency, co-occurrence network, and correspondence analysis were performed and structured. In the before-after correspondence analysis, word and phrases based on time axis and individual experiences were characterized.

The analysis of the post-practice reports revealed the following: “Deepening understanding by seeing, touching, and feeling the organs”, “Clear understanding of the shape and position of each organ, student's correction of their image of the organs, surprise at the difference between the actual state of the organs and the student's own perception, and understanding that there are individual differences between subjects”, “Nurturing thought processes such as clinical reasoning of the nurse”, “Gratitude for donors and their families”, and “reaffirmation of the origin of nursing science along with appreciation and strengthening of responsibility and awareness as a nurse”.

The teaching method and issues to be addressed when nursing faculty members are in charge of anatomical observation practice were considered.