Background: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is chronic swelling of the arm that develops from breast cancer treatment. The International Society of Lymphology (ISL) classification is widely used to determine the clinical stage of lymphedema. Lymphedema diagnosis and staging are based on limb circumference measurements and the patient's subjective symptoms, which have poor reproducibility and objectivity and cannot detect any fluid accumulation in the tissue. This study aimed to evaluate fluid accumulation in the tissue in BCRL (ISL stage II) through MRI.

Material and Methods: This study included 10 women who were treated for unilateral breast cancer and had subsequently developed BCRL(ISL stage Ⅱ). To observe fluid accumulation using a 3-Tesla MR system under Double Echo Steady State conditions.

Results: Although all the subjects were classified as having stage II lymphedema, they showed mixed results of with or without hyperintensity on MR imaging.

Conclusion: This report found that lymphedema progression was mixed even though patients were receiving the same treatment at the same stage.

Introduction: Masseter muscle function (MMF) include occlusal force, masseter muscle size is useful in determining the physical and mental condition of the elderly. There is a correlation between MMF and physical, mental, and cognitive function. MMF can be evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and occlusal force, Dental Prescale, and ultrasound imaging systems. We compared the characteristics of the ultrasound imaging system and occlusal force meter in measuring MMF in healthy young adults, and determined the index of proper use for research purposes.

Methods: We measured the occlusal force using the occlusal force meter, the grip strength using the jammer hand dynamometer, and the masseter muscle thickness (MMT), the masseter muscle hardness (MMH) using the ultrasound imaging system's brightness mode and share wave elastography in 22 study participants.

Results: There was a positive correlation between occlusal force and MMH (r=0.51), occlusal force and MMT at rest and at maximal contraction (r=0.49, r=0.49), grip strength and occlusal force, and grip strength and MMH (r=0.59, r=0.44).

Conclusion: There was no significant difference between using the occlusal force meter and the ultrasound imaging system when measuring occlusal force, MMT, and MMH. This finding suggests that these two methods can be used depending on the purpose, scale, and environment of the research.