A holographic method for viewing a stereo photo pair without any apparatus has been proposed. In this paper, two techniques, the transparency contact method and 2-step method, are presented and tried to realize wide observation area. By these methods, easy and natural stereoscopic viewing has been achieved when the hologram is seen right in front.
In the transparency contact method, the optical system for making the hologram is very simple, but the density deviation of the transparencies must be small. Contrary, in the 2-stepmethod, 3-D image of high quality can be observed when the original pictures are high contrast.

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This paper analyzes the conditions to get correlation pattern of two diffusing patterns A and B using Fresnel hologram. These conditions are as follows:
(1) When recording a hologram, pattern A and reference beam are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis which the fixed origin on hologram and vertical to the hologram plane.
(2) When reconstnlcting a hologram, the distance between pattern B and the fixed origin is made equal to the distance from pattern A to the origin.
(a) In the case of conjugate image, incident angle of pattern B is coincident with that of pattern A.
(b) In the case of direct image, it is coincident with that of reference beam. The above conditions are only realized at the fixed origin on hologram.

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In Pre-Objective type scanning optical system, either deflection mirror with constant angular velocity or sinusoidal vibration mirror is frequently used.
By the study based on aberration theory, a scanning lens of simple composition for deflection mirrors has been obtained. The scanning lens has the purposefully given distortion, which enables constant scanning speed on image plane. Its imaging characteristic is well-suited for practical use as a lens for laser beam printer.

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With the help of set theory, this paper presents the classification of mechanically compensated zoom lenses. The result shows that the model used in this paper contains 336 kinds of zoom type.
It is also analyzed the paraxial theory of one of the novel zoom type, and is shown the numerical example.

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A new focusing method for zoom lenses is developed. Although a part or the whole of a zoom lens is used as a focusing group, the focusing mechanism can be realized with single cam mechanism. One remarkable effect of this method is to shorten the closest object distance of wide angle zoom lens. The basic idea of this method is to obtain the simple relationship between the displacement of the focusing group, focal length and object-image distance. Two approximate relations and a best fit one with sufficient accuracy are obtained and discussed.

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Various micro structured optics has been developed and systematically incorporated into the finder and the exposure control system of SLR camera.
Bright focusing screen with less granulated matte surface and brighter focusing screen like fly's-eye lens have been manufactured through photo-chemical processing using laser.
New split prism range finder comprised of diffraction gratings makes focusing possible even with the lenses under F11. Compared with this, the conventional range finder is available only with the lenses up to F5.6.
Micro beam splitters embedded in a plastic plate reflect a portion of incident imaging light and efficiently collect it onto the SPC. Anyone of the three light sensitivity distributions of the exposure meter can be selected by exchanging the focusing screen unit incorporating the beam splitters.

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