A high-precision non-contact surface profile measuring device is developed which makes use of a laser and one-dimensional image sensors. The remarkable feature of this device lies on the attainment of resolution less than the element spacing of the image sensor. This becomes possible by introducing an image plane inclined to an optical axis of a lens so as to obtain the focused image of the laser beam spot on an object. The design procedure for the optical system is outlined first and the interpolation techniques for the image sensor output is presented to improve the resolution. The experimental results show that the resolution is improved by a factor of eight by this interpolation. It is also shown that the effect of interpolation is largely affected by the sharpness of the image and that the introduction of the inclined image plane is essential to accomplish high resolution. Some experimental results are also presented.

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Dynamic interaction between chromatic and achromatic mechanisms of human visual system are examined. A sophisticated flicker technique is developed and applied for normal and colourdefeated subjects. The residual flicker/luminance flicker at equal luminance of two counterphased alternating coloured stimuli/can be eliminated by adequate shift of the phase difference between the stimuli. It has been explained that the phase shift of sinusoidal stimuli in achromatic mechanism causes residual flicker in the perception. However, residual flicker did not appear for a deuteranomalia. The phase shift in the visual system was not observed for normals with respect to apparent movement. The results are analized as a dynamic interaction between chromatic and achromatic mechanisms in the visual pathway and a new consistent model for the appearance of residual flicker is proposed.

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The relationship between luminance, brightness and saturation of colored lights was investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment, colored lights were equated for brightness and luminance for 17 different dominant wavelengths ranging from 420nm to 650nm by successive comparison and flicker photometry methods. Saturation estimates of these colors showed that they were not equally saturated. In the second experiment, equally bright and equally saturated colors were obtained for 56 or 49 different dominant wavelengths in the range from 400nm to 670nm by employing the step-by-step brightness-saturation matching method. Luminance of these colors were measured and found not to be equal. Current color vision models fail to predict the present results. We discussed a possible account for those results.

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A new method based on an analysis of optical cut image for measuring 3-dimensional shape of inside and outside surfaces of an object has been described. To obtain a sectional image for applied slit ray of light (ray in a form of slit), a substance is thinly coated on the surfaces of the object. We suppose the substance of object to be transparency, and the applied ray can penetrate the object. The coated substance and the intensity of light are selected so that a part of ray is reflected randomly at the coated substance (the most of ray penetrate the coated substance), and the reflected ray at all surfaces may be caught outside the object. When the slit ray is applied to this object, a sectional image can be obtained by using proper lenses.
It is shown that the 3-dimensional shape of surfaces, expressed as a set of dots in this system, is obtained from the analysis of the images and their corresponding positions of (slit ray) plane.

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