When two lights of different wavelengths enter into the two eyes respectively to form the same one visual field, the fusion of colors can not be assured unless the difference is relatively small. The limit of the wavelength difference, Δλ beyond which no homogeneous color is gained was determined for 2°and 10°visual fields with 60 trolands for the wavelengths covering a range of 400nm to 700nm. The limit varied from about 10nm to 60nm except at the extreme spectral regions where Δλ showed a rapid increase. The Δλ vs. λ curves showed two minima at around 470 and 560nm in the positive region of Δλ and at 490 and 600nm in the negative region. On the assumption that the fusion limit is determined by an express of a certain amount of color difference between the two eyes, the Δλ-λ curves with that color difference were obtained by utilizing the CIE 1976 UCS diagram u′, v′, which fitted fairly nicely with the experimental results. An alternate explanation was also given based on the opponent-colors theory. It was assumed the binocular color fusion failed if two eyes perceived colors that were opponent with each other. The theoretical curves also predicted the present results fairly well.

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It is well known in the technique to a stereoscopic picture on the photographic film provided with a lenticular-sheet (hereafter called LS). A new type one-shot camera for taking this LS stereophotography is proposed. This camera which is constructed with a close-up lens, dove-prisms, a taking lens and a field lens, makes possible the formation of LS stereophotography at the only one exposure and is the similar size to a conventional camera. The photographs of the reconstructed images from LS stereophotography taken by its camera are given.

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The combinations of five types of silver halide emulsions [Kodak 131-01, 120-02, 649F, Scientia 10E75, and 8E75 plates] and four kinds of bleaching methods [HgCl₂, K₃Fe (CN) ₆, Fe (NO₃) ₃ and Br₂ bleaches] for phase hologram formation are evaluated on three factors: diffraction efficiency, scattering noise, and stability to print-out. The diffraction efficiency and the scattering noise are measured as the function of exposure and interference fringe spatial frequency.
To perform the measurement efficiently, a new apparatus for the hologram formation and the reconstructed light detection is devised. in which the intensity and spatial frequency of interference fringes are varied continuously in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively, by the combination of two cylindrical lenses and an optical density wedge.
In any emulsion, the best result is obtained when the emulsion is bleached with bromine vapor after prehardening with SH5.

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The visibility of moiré fringes formed by two gratings which are arranged a distance apart is discussed, and some experimental results are presented. This moiré fringes can be taken not only by using a circular aperture but also a rectangular aperture as the aperture of a camera lens. The visibility changes with 2J₁ (X) /X (where J₁ (X) is Bessel's function) for a circular aperture, and sinc (X) for a rectangular one, in the both functions, X is given as a function of the distance between two gratings, aperture size of an observing system and pitch of the one grating. When a rectangular aperture of width 2a and length 2b is used, moiré fringes having the same visibility as that for a circular aperture of diameter 2r (=2.4a) can be obtained, and the exposing time is shortened to about 0.9r/b. Moreover, the aperture is applicable to take a moiré contour lines by means of moiré contouring, and is useful for taking a contour map of an object, such as a living body or other moving object.

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The heterochromatic brightness matching technique provides a much broader relative luminous efficiency function compared to that obtained by the flicker photometry. In addition, the brightness additivity law, when two wavelengths are mixed, does not hold. It is normally suggested that the brightness is mediated not only by the luminance channel but also by the two opponent channels, namely red-green and yellow-blue opponent channels. In the present experiment, heterochromatic brightness matches were carried out between bichromatic mixtures of λ₁, and λ₂, and a 100td reference white stimulus of 2°visual angle. A remarkable brightness reduction was found at especially the luminance ratio where the hue cancellation occured. The results were explained by the vector summation model of three channels on the assumption that opponent channels outputs were nonlinearly transformed to the brightness sensation.

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