MERA Journal
Online ISSN : 2432-0366
Print ISSN : 1341-500X
Volume 16, Issue 2
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages Cover1-
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
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  • Article type: Index
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages Toc1-
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
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  • Hiromo KIUCHI, Kuniko HASHIMOTO
    Article type: Article
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 1-10
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    The purpose of this study is to know the process how people select the place where people do some behavior. The author focused on environment-factors like street-furnitures and plants in urban publicspaces and explain how people use them. In the beginning, the author collected data on 193 sample cases of human behavior and sorted thosecases by location, posture, height of street-furniture. As the results, the author focused on "drinking and eating" and conducted surveys and observations for recording how street-furnitures and plants effect human behavior at Shinagawa Central Garden and Tokyo International Forum. The author gave subjects boxed lunches and asked them to eat it at somewhere they like. In order to understand their psychological tendency and the process how they selected the place to eat, the author recorded their conversation and behavior with IC-recorder and video camera. As the result, the author found 9 priorities of environment-factors of places where people select. 1. able to eat with sitting, 2. clean area, 3. situation eaten calmly, 4. moderate temperature, 5. comfortable material to sit, 6. interesting factor, 7. good landscape, 8. comfortable shape to sit, 9. table.
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  • Harry Heft
    Article type: Article
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 11-16
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    The term "ecology" has been employed by psychologists in a variety of ways, and yet most efforts have developed independently of the others. Ecological psychologists have rarely attempted to clarify either what is distinctive about their employment of the term in comparison to that of others, nor - and most critically - what ecological means more broadly when it is applied to psychological theory. After distinguishing among various uses of the term 'ecological' within psychology, the paper offers an overview of the essential characteristics of an ecological approach. These characteristics include animal-environment reciprocity; action, events, and change; meaningful properties of the environment considered both at the level of individual action (affordances) and collective action (behavior settings); the place of sociocultural structures in psychological analysis; and variation across environments and cultures.
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  • Makoto Inagami
    Article type: Article
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 17-
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
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  • Ryuzo Ohno, Sanjoy Mazumdar
    Article type: Article
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 18-19
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Natural disasters threaten lives and environments that environmental design researchers seek to improve. The twenty-first century has already seen several major and minor disasters. The consequences of these are growing ever more serious as human society is becoming increasingly complex, interconnected, and dependent on new technologies that carry a certain inherent level of risk and uncertainty. The 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami left behind a large number of fatalities. Vulnerability of modern society is also caused by the lack of social interactions in the community. Appropriate research and discussion can yield important lessons for creating safe and resilient society in the future. With these objectives a workshop titled "Towards safe and resilient society against natural disaster" was held at the 44th annual conference of the Environmental Design Research Association held in Providence, Rhode Island in June 2013. This special future is a result of the workshop that discusses different aspects of post disaster recovery that have had problems.
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  • Teruyuki ISAGAWA, Ryuzo OHNO
    Article type: Article
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 20-23
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    This article focuses on the effects of residents' cognition of their local environment on evacuation behavior in the event of tsunami. We conducted questionnaire surveys and a sketch map survey in the coastal area of Onjuku town, Chiba prefecture. The results revealed that actual behavior was not consistent with the result of a similar survey conducted before the earthquake, decision-making was based on cognition of terrain, although it was not always correct, and some improper evacuation behavior were related to "distorted" cognitive map. These results suggest that understanding residents' cognitive environment is important to develop effective tsunami evacuation planning.
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  • Kazuhiko NISHIDE, Toshio OTSUKI, Ryosuke TOMIYASU
    Article type: Article
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 24-28
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    The typical design of temporary housing tends to hamper community building and limits accessibility for the elderly and physically disabled. We propose a community-care temporary-housing project to prevent these problems. The housing design has the wood deck to connect housing units and to ensure that the entrances and thresholds are at the same elevation. After occupation, observations and interviews on the residents' behaviors were conducted to gauge the effects of our proposal. Belongings were more prevalent on the covered wood decks than other outdoor locations. The residents personalized the covered wood decks. More social interactions with respect to frequency and length were observed in housing units with wood decks than those without wood decks. Residents whose houses faced a wood deck recognized each other by sight. Residents in the covered wood deck zone viewed the deck as a common space where community building occurs. Consequently, a wood deck zone positively impacted the residents' ability to establish a sense of community.
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  • Masahiro Maeda
    Article type: Article
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 29-32
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    After natural disasters, various actors provide victims with aid in order to support the restoration of their lives. However aid can cause mistrust among community members, and between community and external actors when aid coordination is not enough. This article considers the relationship between support for victims and community reconstruction in terms of trust among actors. A similar situation was observed in resettlement support for people affected by the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 in Sri Lanka. Many resettlement areas are abandoned because the victims are mainly small fishing households who cannot continue their jobs in the resettlement areas remote to the sea. Moreover, conflicts can arise when residents came from different communities. On the other hand, in resettlement areas where residents maintain a high quality of life, microfinance (small loan system for poor people) is key factor which facilitates trust among community members and it support livelihoods restoration and resilient community reconstruction.
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  • Kunio Funahashi
    Article type: Article
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 33-35
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
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    This article provides some thoughts on "resilient society" based on author's comments about three presentations at the workshop in EDRA 44. In regard to the characteristic tendencies of recent disasters, particularly, the reasons why resilience is focused and what it is are examined. Then, each of three presentations is respectively identified in terms of the main phases after disaster, and is related to theoretical themes of EBS. On the possibility of achieving "resilient society," the article discusses that any recovery planning, under the social structure of economical stagnation in rapid aging with a low birthrate, should include a "new quality" of society that realizes a sustainable provision with the reduction and socially equitable redistribution of "unhappiness." Additionally, a few dilemmas in further disaster studies are pointed out.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 36-37
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 38-39
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
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  • Article type: Bibliography
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 40-
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Download PDF (3750K)
  • Article type: Bibliography
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 40-
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Download PDF (3750K)
  • Article type: Appendix
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 47-
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Download PDF (43K)
  • Article type: Appendix
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 47-
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Download PDF (43K)
  • Article type: Appendix
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 47-
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Download PDF (43K)
  • Article type: Cover
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages Cover2-
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Download PDF (26K)
  • Article type: Cover
    2014 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages Cover3-
    Published: March 20, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2019
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Download PDF (26K)
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