Although there are many researches about ‘Roji’ and ‘Lilong’, there seems to have been no one on the comparison of these two based on international investigation. Unfortunately, research on the environmental appraisals of alleyways by people with different nationalities and cultural background neither exists. In this paper, we take examples of ‘Roji’ (alleyways in Tokyo, Japan) and ‘Lilong’ (alleyways in the southeast Yangtze River area, China) and conducted a questionnaire survey. We analyzed the differentiation of ‘Roji’ and ‘Lilong’ as well as the similarity of perception. 20 Photos are used to be valued in 1～7 points scales of following points, 1) differentiation (nationality & how much it is identified as ‘Roji’/‘Lilong’); 2) environmental appraisals (nostalgic atmosphere & good/bad atmosphere); 3) value for future conservation. We examine these hypotheses: ①Japanese/Chinese can clearly tell out the ones which belong to their country. ②There is common understanding of the words ‘Roji ’ and ‘Lilong’ between Japanese and Chinese, and characteristics of scenery similarities can be found. ③Japanese/Chinese have similar nostalgia feeling even with the alleyways that belong to the other country. ④Japanese/Chinese want to preserve positively appraised alleyways. The authors found: Japanese/Chinese can differentiate alleyway’s nationality, however, there is common understanding of the words ‘Roji’ and ‘Lilong’ between Japanese and Chinese, and similarity of environmental appraisals. We hope this research can support comprehension and conservation of alleyways, which are disappearing in city developments in both countries.

Museum fatigue has been an important issue. According to attention restoration theory, spending time without directed attention seems to have the potential to restore mental function. Therefore, if the ratio of behaviors without directed attention were different depending on the surrounding environment of the seating areas, it would be possible to improve restorativeness of the seating areas by improving surrounding environments. We observed behaviors of 117 visitors sitting in 8 seating areas in museum-A. And, we classified intentional behaviors such as operating a smartphone and looking around etc., and the rest as behaviors without directed attention. Then, we calculated the percentage of behaviors without directed attention, and examined whether it varies depending on the surrounding environment of the seating areas: i) with the windows with natural view, ii) in the center of the exhibition room, ⅰⅰⅰ) facing corridors. As a result, the average of the percentage was 27% and according to the surrounding environment of the seating, the percentage was different (i: 34.6%, ii: 25.6%, and iii: 17.6%) (i-iii: p^**<0.017). It suggests that natural view has a relatively high possibility of restraining behaviors with directed attention. Also, objects such as artworks visible in environment do not always attract attention of the viewer seated.