The "OPTICAL FLOW" specifies much information about motion of the observation point. The flow, based on the ambient light surrounding us, can indicate the index of movement. The "OCCLUSION" defines effects of movement upon the flow as well as information about the layout of surfaces. This research focuses on the optical flow and the occlusion to estimate spreading space. It also presents the method used to apply these optical features as an index in spreading space. I will illustrate how the optical information changes in relation to the distance the observer is to the aperture. By analyzing the changes in the optical flow (the expansion of the optical flow field and the increase or decrease of an apparent structure) the spatial information can be estimated. The critical value of motion spatial sequence, the width to measured focus ratio (W/f ), remains constant no matter where the observer stands. Also, the variables in the environment from sequential image processing will be discussed. The optical flow variant was found by analyzing the difference in accumulative image from motion sequence.

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Crew members will be stationed for three months or more on orbit aboard the International Space Station (ISS), an international project which will take 18 years to complete. After obtaining good experience from the ISS activities, the duration crew member stays in the space environment should progressively increase as may be required for the manned moon base and Mars flights in the next space generation. As crew members stay longer in the space environment, "habitability " for crew members will become more important in manned space systems. How can we prepare comfortable living areas and working areas for crew members? One answer is to fully accommodate the unique factors of the space environment and crew members. In this context, we cannot establish habitability for manned space systems without clarifying the influences of the space environment on crew members and providing the countermeasures for crew members. In this paper, the author proposes a "habitable model" which is composed of four factors: "Physiological factor", "Psychological factor", "Habitable environment factor", and "Operational factor". The paper also clarifies guidelines for establishing and maintaining "habitability" for the manned space systems.

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[in Japanese]

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