Clinical analysis was made of 19 cases of jaw fracture in children under 12 years of age by reviewing the results of treatment at our hospital during the past 8 years, from April 1982 to March 1990. Results obtained were as follows:
1. The frequency in occurrence of the jaw fractures according to the location was 78.5% in mandible, 15.8% in maxilla and mandible, and 5.3% in maxilla.
2. Eight of the 19 cases showed fractures on the condyle.
3. Conservative treatment was performed in 8 condylar fractures. And there was a good result.
4. Temporo-mandibular joint movement was satisfactorily restored in 6 cases which had been observed for 2 to 7 years.

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Clinicostatistical investigation of child inpatients during the past 10 years from April 1980 to March 1990 at the First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Dental School, was performed and the following results were obtained.
1. The total number of child inpatients was 603; 368 were males and 235 were females. The age distribution was 399 child inpatients who were under 5 years of age, and 92 from 6 to 10 years of age and 112 from 11 to 15 years of age.
2. In regard to where they lived, 445 patients were from Kagoshima Prefecture, particularly 143 of which were from Kagoshima zone. And 158 patients were from other prefectures, including 120 patients from Miyazaki Prefecture.
3. The referred child inpatients were 327, and 112 of them were from obstetric clinics.
4. As to the monthly number of child inpatients, it had a tendency to increase in the summer vacation months of July and August.
5. The number of cases categorized according to disease were as follows; congenital anomaly and deformity 469, trauma 55, infection 31, tumor 26, cyst 14 and others 13.
6. 520 cases were treated under general anesthesia and 53 under local anesthesia.
7. Regarding the admission period, the shortest instance was 1 day while the longest was 89 days, and the mean period was 22.6 days. 16 cases were discharged halfway from hospital because of various reasons. Excluding these 16 cases, the mean admission days in each disease were as follows; congenital anomaly and deformity 24.6, trauma 16.2, infection 12.6, tumor 22.1, cyst 18.3 and others 19.8.

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Injury of deciduous anterior teeth is relatively often encountered in daily clinical dentistry. It occurs in the form of fracture or luxation and, needless to say, is caused by impingement by external force. However, the mechanism of the process of fracture has not yet been adequately explained even in existing textbooks. Especially, little has been studied of the resistance of deciduous anterior teeth against fracture by impact. This study was designed to estimate the resistance of deciduous anterior teeth against impact fracture by carrying out our fracture test using epoxyresin duplicate models of human deciduous anterior teeth and a Izodtype fracture tester.
1) In both upper and lower jaw, a higher degree of resistance against fracture by impact was recorded for deciduous cuspids compared to other teeth. This suggested that deciduous cuspids have high resistance against impact fracture in both upper and lower jaw.
2) When the dental axes of upper deciduous anterior teeth were tilted lingually, all these teeth decreased their resistance against impact fracture. This suggested that upper deciduous anterior teeth lose their resistance against impact fracture when their dental axes are tilted lingually.
3) When the mesial margin of deciduous anterior teeth was twisted medially by 45°, the resistance of upper decidudus cuspids, lower deciduous central incisors and lower deciduous lateral incisors was reduced. This suggested that these anterior teeth lose their resistance against impact fracture when the mesial margin of these teeth is twisted medially.
4) In fracture tests using duplicate models of deciduous anterior teeth with dental roots reduced to less than 50% in length, most of the tooth models fell off from the tester frame. This suggested that the shortening of a dental root such as occurring by root resorption may result in luxation of root-shortened teeth.
5) The accelation of impact was reduced in impact fracture test by the shortening of the dental root. This suggested that the shortening of a dental root such as occurring by root resorption can lead to luxation even by weak impact force.

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We have made clinico-statistical observation on the pediatric outpatients in our department during past ten years and six months. Results obtained were as follows:
1. The total number of pediatric outpatients was 1, 181; 664 were males and 517 females.
2. The following five diseases accounted for 97.0%: anomalies were 542 cases (44.2%), inflammations 197 cases (16.1%), traumas 193 cases (15.8%), cysts 178 cases (14.5%) and tumors 78 cases (6.4%).

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The study of 78 families out of 1050 patients with cleft lip and/or palate who had a family history of the same. They were coded for computer operation and analyzed for genetic counselling.
Cleft lip (CL) and Cleft lip and palate (CLP) showed tendency to be more frequent in relatives more than Cleft palate (CP). Propositi are more in CL and CLP than in CP.
To relatives in the 3rd degree, CL occurs CL or CLP, don't occur CP except for 1 case. CP occur only CP.

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多形性腺腫は唾液腺に発生する腫瘍で40～60歳台に好発し, 15歳以下の小児に発生することはまれである. 今回われわれは13歳女児の口蓋に発生した多形性腺腫の1例を経験した. 患児は昭和59年5月16日左側口蓋の無痛性腫脹を主訴として当科初診した. 病変は境界明瞭, 弾性硬, 20×15mmの半球状腫瘤であった. 硬口蓋良性腫瘍の診断にて局所麻酔下で摘出術を施行した. 摘出物の病理組織学的診断は多形性腺腫で現在再発傾向はない.

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Sialolithiasis occurs mainly in the duct of submandibular gland and it is that reported the high incidence of this disorder in from twenty to fifty years of age. In childhood this disease is comparatively rare. This report presents two cases of sialolithiasis in children. Salivary stones were surgically removed from submandibular duct by infra-oral approach, analyzed with infrared spectrometry and examined with scanning electron microscope. Lightmicroscopically lamellar structure was observed surrounding the several irregular core like substance in the center of calculi. The composition of these stones was calcium phosphate (74%) and calcium carbonate (26%). The specimens for SEM were treated by etching with 0.2N HCI (60sec.) or by eliminating organic matrix with 10%NaOCl (2min.). Ultramicroscopically fine calcified granules were about 0.5-1.2μm and fibrillar structure was found in the sectional surface of the stone.

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An 8 year old boy with temporomandibular joint ankylosis caused by trauma was operated by arthroplasty and interpositional implant of silastic. Clinical symptoms and functions were improved, but mandibular movement was not stable enough by mandibular kinesiological diagnosis. He was followed up with mouth opening exercise, and with prosthetic and orthodontic treatment for about 2 years after operation. The mandibular tracking data of opening, closing, and chewing became stable. These results show the importance of cooperation with other specialties and long-term post-operative care.

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Odontogenic fibromas, considered to be derived from mesenchymal dental tissue (periodontium, dental papilla, dental follicle and so on) are divided into the central type and the peripheral type, and both are very rare.
We reported here a case of peripheral odontogenic fibroma of the lower anterior gingiva of an infant.
The patient, a 3-year-old boy, visited our clinic with a chief complaint of an asymptomatic tumor in the mouth. Oral examination showed a tumor on the labial and lingual gingiva between the lower left deciduous central and lateral incisors. The tumor was 8×5mm in size, elastic soft in hardness and its surface was smooth and reddish. Radiographically there were no abnormal findings. The tumor was excised under local anesthesia without extraction of the teeth.
Microscopic examination showed a fibrous connective tissue in which islands of odontogenic epithelium were scattered.
A review of Japanese literatures were made on peripheral odontogenic fibroma for the past 10 years (1981-1990), only four case reports were found, but none of then were occured in infant.

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This report presents a case with a globulomaxillary cyst, at our hospital. The patient was an 11 year-old Japanese female who was examined on May 25, 1989. She complained of swelling in the upper left lateral incisor and canine area. The teeth involved were noncaries but the upper left lateral incisor gave a non-vital pulp response with the electoric tester.
The upper left canine gave a vital response. the labial mucosa of the apical parts showed diffuse swelling and slight redness, but the area was not in pain.
The root distance between the upper left lateral incisor and canine was expanded, as seen in the radiography.
From the complaint the diagnosis was presumed to be a globulomaxillary cyst.
Using local anesthesia, the cyst was surgically extirpated. The cyst wall was not in contact with the apical roots of the upper teeth.
Microscopic examination revealed cysticlining and stratified squamous-epithelium, and the wall of the cyst was infiltrated with chronic inflammatory cells.
After the operation, 2 years follow up, the upper left lateral incisor has vital pulp response and no recurrence.
The patient had received orthodontic treatment at 8 years of age.
A careful examinatin of the orthopantomogram seemed to show that at 9 years there was a cyst crisis. But the patient came at 11 years of age.
This case is the youngest patient with cyst crisis that we have experienced.

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