Lymphangioma, which is widely known as an anomaly lesion of lymphatic vessels, is not so rare in other parts of body, but is uncommon in the head and neck, and almost cases present clinically any symptoms before 10 year-old age. Sometimes it can affect growth of the face and jaw. This lesion grows diffusely and its margin is unclear, resulting often in recurrence after surgery. In the present report, 9 cases of lymphangioma of the head and neck in childhood were investigated clinicopathologically. Further, two adult cases were added for the interest of reference.
Of 9 cases, 6 were of male and 3 were of female. The cases ranged from 2 to 14 years old in age, and the mean age was 8.8 years old. But 9 cases were already aware of their lesions before 10 year-old age. Of 9 cases, 2 cases occurred in upper lip, 2 cases in tongue, one in each of buccal mucosa and neck, and others occurred plural sites in oral cavity.
Five cases were clinically diagnosed as lymphangioma, but 3 cases were misdiagnosed as ranula, granuloma, papilloma and lateral cervical cyst at the first consultation.
Three cases recurred after surgical operation.

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Garré's osteomyelitis was first distinctive disorder by Carl Garré in 1893. This disorder is chronic nonsupprative osteomyelitis with prolifelative periostitis which is caused by inert stimulation from low grade infection and frequently occurs in infant.
We reported a case of Garré's osteomyelitis, in a 11 year old child who had the chief complaint of painless swelling at the right mandible region. X-ray examination revealed obviously the proliferative periostitis and mandible destruction. In this case the periosteal bony reaction in mandible was restored by chemotherapy and root canal treatment.

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We performed the clinico-statistical study on 237 pediatric patients under 16 years of age with maxillofacial anomalies at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University Hospital during a period of 13 years 10 months from October 1981 to August 1995.
The results were as follows:
1. One hundred seventy-seven of 188 unoperated patients (94.1%) were referred from Departments of Tocology (52.0%), Pediatrics (26.0%), NICU (7.9%) and so on.
2. Maxillofacial anomalies were divided into cleft lip and palate (88.5%), micrognathia (8.2%), transverse facial cleft (2.5%), and the others (0.8%).
3. Thirty-three patients (13.9%) had associated anomalies, which included a congenital heart disease in 13 cases (5.5%).
4. It is very significant to treat maxillofacial anomalies at a general medical institution including oral and maxillofacial surgery, because they need the consistent and multimodality treatment.

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Clinico-statistical observation was performed on 87 pediatric patients less than 16 years of age with teeth injuries treated at our department during the last 5 years. The following conclusions were drawn.
1. The ratio of male to female was 2: 1. The age distribution at the time of injuries showed two peaks: one to three years of age for deciduous teeth and seven to nine years of age for permanent teeth.
2. The frequency of injuries was higher in July than in the other months and lower in both December and January. They were lower on Wednesday than on the other days. The time zone from Monday to Friday concentrated from 13 to 18 o'clock and holidays from 11 to 14 o'clock.
3. The common causes of the trauma were falls and drops (44.8%), play and sports (24.1%) and traffic accidents (19.5%).
4. The most common site of teeth injuries was the upper central incisor in both deciduous and permanent dentitions. Dental injuries usually affected 2.2 teeth for deciduous teeth and 3.2 teeth for permanent teeth.
5. As for deciduous teeth, subluxation and uncompleted luxation were most frequent. As for permanent teeth, subluxation was the most frequent, and concussion and avulsion, tooth-fracture followed in order.
6. As for the treatment of deciduous teeth, observation and teeth fixation with repositioning were the most frequent, and extraction followed. Furthermore, reimplantations of avulsed teeth was very seldom.
In permanent teeth, teeth fixation with repositioning and endodontic therapy were common. Extractions were carried out in rare cases but reimplantations were carried out in not a few cases.
7. 34 teeth (55.7%) of 61 teeth which responded negatively to electric stimulation at the time of injuries showed positive sensibility within 2 months after injuries. There were 4 cases which became positive the 19th month after the injuries in the electric pulp testing.

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In recent years, there has been increasing, concern regarding pediatric patients in relation to such social problem as the decreased birth rate. It is important to cope with pediatric diseases with the peculiarity of growing pediatrics.
A clinico-statistical study was thus made on the pediatric oral and maxillofacial surgical diseases treated at our institution. The results were as follows;
1. The number of pediatric outpatients aged less than 16 years old totaled 2, 186 (boys: 1, 139, girls: 1, 047)
2. According to the age and sex distribution, a higher frequency of patients was observed in boys and girls aged from 0-1, in boys aged from 6-8 and in girls aged from 13-15.
3. During the study period, the highest frequency of patients occurred in August and March, while the smallest number of patients were seen in September and February.
4. According to the classification by clinical diagnosis, the number of dental disease cases totaled 748 (34.2%), while there were 383 malformations (17.5%), 365 tranmatic injuries (16.7%), 173 cases with salivary gland diseases (7.9%), 169 with temporomandibular joint diseases (7.7%), 106 with oral mucous diseases (4.8%), 68 with inflammation (3.1%), 50 with tumors (2.3%), and 49 with cysts (2.2%).
5. The number of inpatients totaled 279 (or only 12.8% of all outpatients).
6. 1, 035 (47.3%) outpatients were referred from other dental or oral maxillofacial surgery departments numbered 613 (28.0%), the treating physicians from our institution numbered 257 (11.8%) and those from outside institutions numbered 165 (7.5%).
7. In addition, 2, 085 (95.4%) of the outpatients were residents of Yamanashi Prefecture.

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Professional medical advice is frequently needed in the pre, peri and postoperative management of patients with oral disease indicating surgical treatment. To have correct information preoperatively on the condition of such patients is important for the successful accomplishment of surgery, when the patients have systemic disorders or when the lesion extends into adjacent organs in the oral cavity. Throughout the period of hospitalization, examination by specialists is considered indispensable. As there are various complaints raised by patients and to take appropriate measures against danger signal in tests.
We have so far investigated the details of medical examinations performed on inpatients admitted in our department. Children having anatomical and physiological features that are different from those in adults were chosen in this study. The subjects enrolled in this study consisted of 100 children aged below 15 years chosen at random from patients admitted in our department in the past. Departments of pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, and Dermatology in our affiliated hospital were the medical departments which cooperated in the examination of the patients.
In conclusion characteristically of child-inpatients, examination was often required for children with fever and cold-like symptoms. This seemed to be quite natural, because fluid equilibrium is easily collapsible in children. Children with oral les ions indicating surgical treatment or already treated by surgery are at risk of readily falling in to malingestion of foods through an oral route due to inflammation, difficulty to open the mouth or intermaxillary fixation. Careful management was, therefore, considered important.
Of child-inpatients scheduled for surgery, relatively, many had cold-like symptoms already or admission. Management of surgery-scheduled children by their parents prior to hospitalization seemed necessary. This suggests that before receiving child-patients, physicians in charge should call the parents attention to importance of keeping careful watch over their children's health condition at home.

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Histological and immunohistochemical, and quantitative studies were done on the changes of cell density and the distribution area. Type I collagen and type III collagen in the articular disc of the infant rats temporomandibular disc related to aging. The articular discs of rat's were removed from new born animals, 7, 15 and 30 days after birth and were examined immumohistochemically. Quantitation of fibers was determined with the image analyzing system.
From these observations we concluded that:
1. The number of cells in articular disc decreased according to aging. Especially, the decreasing number is abrupt during 7 days after birth.
2. Type I and III collagens were widely distributed in infant rat's articular disc.
3. The distribution area of type I collagen of rat articular disc became smaller, in general, at a certain degree in accordance with aging. On the other hand, no remarkable changes were observed on the distribution area for type III collagen from the 3rd to the 15th day after birth.

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This report concerned two cases (1-month-old and 11-month-old girls) of Riga-Fede's disease.
Riga-Fede's disease is well-known to have an ulceration at the sublingual surface in infants. It is caused by mechanical stimulation of natal and neonatal teeth. In many clinics smoothing incisal edge and tooth extraction was usually performed to remove this stimulation. However, primary dentition and occulusion would be influenced by extraction of an anterior deciduous teeth. And it would occur that a false pulp exposure of the hypoplastic natal and neonatal teeth by discing.
In the present case, we treated with composite resin coverage of the incisal edges. After four weeks the ulcer completely disappeared. This treatment method seems to be a very simple, effective and conservative approach for Riga-Fede's disease.

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A case of congenital retension mucous cyst in the uvula was reported in this paper. The patient was a 4-month-old girl who was reffered to our department for a tumor in the pharynx. The tumor was semitransparent, spherical, and approximately 2cm in diameter. The clinical diagnosis was a mucous retension cyst, and it was surgically enucleated under general anesthesia. Histopathologically, the cyst was lined by ciliated columnar epithelium. The minor salivary glands were close to the cyst wall. No recurrence has been observed in 2 years and half after the operation.

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Cleidocranial dysostosis (CD) is a rare congenital osseous disease which is characterised by anomaly of the clavicle and skull with dental abnormalities. The most common deformity is the absence of the central clavicular segment and the dental abnormalities are prolonged retention of primary teeth, late eruption of permanent teeth, supernumerary teeth and so on.
Since the first description of this disease was made by Martin in 1765, more than 150 cases were reported in Japan. On the other hand in 1936 Haneda proposed to define CD with a systemic bone anomaly in the whole body as dysostosis generalisata (DG). The authors experienced a young boy with dental abnormalities and a large extent of bone anomaly at the clavicles, skull, rib, pelvis and carpal bone. We diagnosed this case as DG, therefore, clinical findings and a review of the literature are reported here.

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Conservative treatment has normally been the first choice for condylar fractures in children because active bone remodeling can be expected soon after the injury and a point of growth exists in the condyle. However, there are a number of reports that advocate surgical approaches according to the type of fracture and the location of fracture lines.
Recently, we encountered an 11-year-old boy who was treated conservatively in 1990 for bilateral condylar fractures, which resulted in ankylosis of the TMJ over a course of 3.5 years. We amputated the right condylar head, with a satisfactory result. We present an outline of the case, together with the results of a literature search on the treatment of condylar fractures in children.

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A 4-year-old boy with lymphangioma of the cheek region treated with intralesional injection of OK-432 was reported.
The patient was locally injected with OK-432 (1.4KE), and the lesion disappeared. The side effects of OK-432 therapy was fever and local inflammation, but this therapy did not cause any damage to the skin and did not lead to scar formation. He had no evidence of recurrence 1 year 8 months after the injection.
The result suggests that intralesional injection of OK-432 is uesful for the best therapy of lymphangioma.

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