In the planning of the improvement works of the fishing port to enhance its utilization level, it is usual to reclaim the surrounding area of the port. However, in case where the rich fishing groundis located in the vicinity of the port, the enhancement of utilization as well as upgrading of the port function and conservation of the marine environment become in conflict. Harmony of these conflicting conditions is becoming a serious problem in the development of the fishing port and its ambient area. Suburban people tend to be very severe taxpayers and conscious to conservation of nature. Fishery is not the main industry in the suburban area and hence fishermen are minority in the local community. This study aims at the creation of work scheme to acquire consensus through public involvements for the improvement plan in harmony with environment conservation in the surrounding sea area, taking Koshigoe fishing port in Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture as the example.

View full abstract

We investigated park with pond in the city. Many water birds come at this park and visitors enjoy watching water birds. But the water quality damage has happened by extreme feeding action. A feeding pond was built to keep the water quality. We carried out questionnaire investigation. Many visitors agreed the prohibition of feeding. But, a little visitor knew the purpose of establishing of the feeding pond. And, 10% of answerer's consciousness for the prohibition of feeding changed from nays to ayes by the provision of information.

View full abstract

According to the progress of sewer system consolidation, the importance of the pollution in the public water bodies by the non-point pollutant load is increasing. The pollutant deposited on the surface of the catchment area and discharged during the storm event flow into the public water bodies. To preserve water quality in the public water bodies and to propose some effective strategies, it is necessary to clear the runoff characteristics of pollutant load associated with the catchment area characteristics. In this study, we compared the runoff characteristics of the pollutant load using series of observed data during storm event that were collected from storm sewer pipe over 7 cities for the 32 storm events. As a result of analysis, we quantified the contribution of land use, amount of rainfall and antecedent dry period. It is of great use for modeling the relationship between urban development and water quality conservation.

View full abstract

The preparation of the models forecasting the concentrations of toxic chemicals in water and sediment by the use of their chemical and watershed properties was examined to apply the models to the risk-assessment of them. The database on 28 chemicals and 64 stations was constructed and applied for calibrating and validating the statistical models i.e. multi-regression analysis and quantification theory type I. In the both models and irrespective of analysis type, there observed within one order of magnitude difference in the case of water and 1.5 orders of magnitude difference in the case of sediment between the forecasted and the observed values for almost all the data. The models on an each chemical basis or on an each station basis, the dominant input variables, and the number of samples for constructing the model having sufficient accuracy were also investigated and discussed.

View full abstract

Environmental load, such as CO₂, will increase with the enforcement of the measures to improve water environment. The objective of this study is the integrated assessment of such measures by evaluating the regional and global environmental impacts with costs and benefits. The construction of sewer pipe network and sediment dredging in Lake Suwa, Nagano prefecture was assessed as the case study. The benefit of improvement in water environment was estimated as 728 million [yen·year^-1] by analyzing the results of the questionnaire applied contingent valuation method on basin of Lake Suwa. On the other hand, the damage cost of global warming by additional CO₂ emission was estimated to be 1 to 23 million [yen·year^-1] by carrying out life cycle inventory analysis of the measures. Environmental benefit of improvement of water environment was much higher than the damage in global environment.

View full abstract

The water quality improvement in a river takes long time, because of budget constrain and the conflicts of interest among economic agents. In this paper, we build the Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (DCGE) model that can describe the behavior of economic agents, and analyze the incidence benefits induced by the reduced pollutant load countermeasures for water quality improvement. We formulate the mathematical programming that the objective function is the maximization of social net benefit and the constraint is the DCGE model. We calculated the efficient schedule of reduced pollutant load countermeasures by solving the mathematical programming with genetic algorithm (GA).

View full abstract

Pollution control is impossible without the establishment of adequate legislative and institutional bases in a country. Information on the history and status of various regulatory and economic measures so far used for water pollution control in South and East Asian countries have been analyzed and presented after rigorous search of literatures and country-based documents. Data and information are mainly presented in compiled form to make it a reference to understand the regional profile in this regard. Environmental administration and legislation are growing in almost all the countries, however, present status mainly resembles varying according to the socio-economic development level of the countries.

View full abstract

It is expected that the introduction of the advanced sewage treatment will be promoted from now on. As for this research, we have examined if the increase of electric energy consumption that is caused by the advanced treatment can be covered with the recycle and renewable energy produced in the sewage system. About the increase of energy consumption, by introducing advanced sewage treatment, the amount of electric power consumption of the sewage treatment become 1.4 times of that of present system. About the producing of the recycle and renewable energy, we can get the electric power that is equivalent to 55% of the electricity consumption of the present system. The latter is 1.4 times as amount as the former. Consequently, we have shown the increase of the electricity consumption caused by the advanced sewage treatment system can be restrained by the effective utilization of the recycle and renewable energy.

View full abstract

The authors examine the evaluation methodology for life cycle assessment in analysis of scenarios with time dependency. The evaluation target was skeleton-infill (SI) housing, offering advanced proposal and practical utilization as long-lived housing, and diffusion simulation was performed. Dynamically-changing scenarios used were demand change in the floorage of the house and the CO₂ emission factor in the operation stage references to number of people per household, and the evaluation covered a period of 105 years from 1995 to 2100. The effects of SI housing diffusion on LC-0O₂ and demolition waste were estimated based on the results.

View full abstract

Historical change of wetland distribution was studied by GIS mapping of a 19.75×22.25 km area; about 40 km from the Tokyo metropolitan area. The sources of the GIS map were from four different periods; Rapid Survey Map made by Japanese Army in 1880's, and aerial photographs taken at the year 1945, 1974 and 1989. As the result of analysis, the total area of wetland (defined here as the open water, wetland vegetation, or the combination of the both) in the study area declined significantly during the study period. In case of the emergent plants such as reed, the total area declined whereas the number of the patches increased, which suggested the occurrence of fragmentation. In this same area, the number of the wetland bird species was surveyed both by field census and published field study data. The multiple regression analysis showed that the total area of each wetland had a strongest effect on the number of wetland bird species (r²=0.65). Other factors were the number of different wetland plant types (such as reed or cat-tail) and the shape index of each wetland. It was suggested that protecting the remaining large wetlands was the most important measure for protecting wildlife of this area.

View full abstract

The relation between distribution Japanese Wood Pigeon Columba janthina Temminck and land use pattern (landscape pattern) was analyzed in Izu Oshima. The study area was divided into 1451 mesh (250×250m). The landscape pattern in Iza Oshima was classified into eight types. Japanese Wood Pigeon used forest area (landscape pattern 1, Φ=0.171, p<0.01) and forest-agricultural area (landscape pattern 6, Φ=0.186, p<0.01) more frequently than expected value in breeding season. On the other hand, in non breeding season, they used forest area (landscape pattern 1, Φ=0.132, p<0.01), agricultural-residential area (landscape pattern 2, Φ=0.002) and fbrest-agdcultural area (landscape pattem6, Φ=0.102, p<0.01) more frequently than expected value.

View full abstract

A threatened plant, Ixeris tamagawaensis Kitam. is in strong concern about its extinction. So we surveyed the habitat traits of this plant along Tama River. We set six belt transects and checked trough the number of individuals of I. tamagawaensis and the six factors of environment. These factors are 1) height from water level, 2) distance from brink, 3) percentage of vegetation coverage, 4) percentage of sediment cover, 5) percentage of litter cover, and 6) dominant species. The results means that I. tamagawaensis grow at dry riverbed characteristically. Regardless of that, the area of dry riverbed is decreasing. Accordingly, we recommend conserving the dry riverbed urgently.

View full abstract

Using the portable thermal infrared camera, thermal infrared images were taken by an interval for ten minutes from Meiji-shrine/Yoyogi-park that was a large-scale green tract, and its peripheral area. We recognized a difference of the thermal inertia caused by the green tract and the artificial heat structure with the concrete and the asphalt which constituted urban area from the diurnal variation of surface temperatures provided from thermal infrared images had. The difference of surface temperature between the green tract and its peripheral area reached about 8°C at the maximum in the daytime. The green tract is the lowest in the daytime, and the surface temperature becomes high in the sheeting of concrete, the asphalt pavement, order of the iron roof as follows. The amount of heat radiation in the daytime became -7W/m² by a maximum when we calculated it from average temperature of the ground altitude of 50m in the town area and the surface temperature of the green tract. And it became-10W/m² by maximum in the nighttime. From these things, it became clear that mitigation effect for air temperature rise of the large-scale green tract was big.

View full abstract

Numerical simulation on thermal environment was performed around Shanghai, the largest commercial and industrial city in China A meso-scale meteorological model improved by the authors was applied to around Shanghai, covering the 140km×124km areas divided by 2km grid cells. The results showed that heat island intensity around Shanghai might reach 3°C at 15:00 and 2°C at 21:00 in calm and fine summer days. Simulations indicated that energy savings are available and helpful to urban thermal environmental mitigation; however, vegetation is more attributable to mitigation of urban heat island.

View full abstract

The partnership organization with which a citizen, an entrepreneur, and administration cooperate all over the country is formed. Establishment of “Otsu environmental forum”(Following: forum) is prepared also in Otsu city. From this result, the three followings clarified about the setup of the action plan of a forum.
1. People share the future vision of own school districts, and collaborate for the achievement.
2. High citizen groups, companies, and administration of cooperation consciousness cooperate from an initial stage, and start a project.
3. The event by the theme, which leads to a change of the consciousness of a social system and a citizen, is carried out.

View full abstract

Recently, although the concern to environmental issues has increased gradually, it does not serve as practical action, either. Moreover, also let the gap of the consciousness between a company and a consumer is a problem. In this study, in order to solve these problems, the preference of a green marketing advertisement is treated. The purpose of this study is proposing the future way that should be by exploring the present condition of the green marketing advertisement which informers create, and the tendency of the green marketing advertisement which receivers prefer. At the present data analysis, what should be carried out in case an informer creates a future green marketing advertisement using all the application works of “the 10th green marketing advertisement contest” is proposed. At the preference analysis, preference of the green marketing advertisement of receivers is explored using the technique of presuming preference of a consumer called conjoint analysis.
Conclusion by two analyses; In order to tell environment information to all receivers, all informers creating green marketing advertisements. It is required for the high group of environmental consciousness that concrete information is offered by the limited media, such as a magazine which is related to environment. It is required for a common consumer that using the mass media, even if it is few information, what is liked is offered.
Therefore, it can be said that the green marketing advertisement with each role of “information offer” and “consciousness enlightenment” is required.

View full abstract

Recently in Japan, the unhealthiness of human mind and body turns into grave issues. In order to solve these problems, we think that life environment must be improved. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new paradigm and method of life environment planning. Firstly, this paper introduces the ideas of life-span development, developmental task and meanings of space, and devises a new frame of life environment planning. Secondly, students' memories are corrected by attitudinal survey, and then the characteristics of memories are analyzed. Finally, this paper considers the meanings of life environment and depicts the usefulness of the memories analysis for the paradigm.

View full abstract

This study aims to clarify the area image occurred to inhabitants. We analyzed the songs of 231 primary school and 99 lower secondary school to recognize conceptual figure of the area image. We took up Oumi district with lake BIWA as a case study. Some images are changed when times have changed, but the other images are not changed. For example, words written modern structures as Image were increased in these songs. In Oumi district the most important image elements are “Lake”, “mountains” and “livers”, and these elements have the effective range.

View full abstract

In this research, we investigated developmental process of the consciousness of children to lake BIWA thorough environmental learning program named “Uminoko”, using the free association test. It was seemed tendency that children expand their recognition to natural environment through “Uminoko”, by one side they become to small their recognition to daily environment. And it also became clear that their living environment and the degree of environmental study fullness have affected their recognition to environment. On the basis of those results, we proposed effective environmental learning program that learns by experience.

View full abstract

This study chronologically organized the development process of international environmental education, and of domestic environmental and traffic education to propose the integration of traffic education and environmental education. As a measure to realize the proposal, a Program to Consider a Wise Way of Using Cars for Elementary Schools was created and implemented in elementary school classes that were systematically planned.
The results of the Program follow: changes in the traffic awareness of students and their families were identified by their comments at different times on their participation in the program; and the development of participants' traffic awareness as they related their own traffic behaviors with global environmental problems also was recognized. The results indicate that the program has supposedly influenced not only the students but their families, and it is effective as a tool for environment oriented traffic education.

View full abstract

Two types of numerical methods are examined for reproducing the distribution pattern of plant-communities on a gravel bar from habitat attributes. The first is a model that was previously proposed by the authors on the basis of the concept of PHABSIM (Physical Habitat Simulation System) developed for estimating microhabitat availability of fishes. The second is a neural network model. These models are applied to the case of an alternate bar formed in a downstream reach of Yoshino River, Shikoku, Japan. Detailed consideration is given, from an ecological point of view, to habitat attributes to be used for judging the dominant species in small (10m by 10m) mesh areas. Eight habitat attributes are empirically chosen from eleven ideas thought out in the ecological aspects. As for the first model, it is pointed out that species-specific probability density curves of the habitat attributes may be successfully used as preference curves. The validity of both models is found to be similar.

View full abstract

For conservation of wild herb's habitat, civil engineers are required to know the ecological characteristic of every herb species which is in the habitat. We investigated the relationships between the growing densit ies of two wild herb species; Mentha arvensis var. piperascens and Elsholtzia ciliata, and several environmental conditions at the no cultivating rice field at Nagano Prefecture. As a result, the growth densities of both species were quite bigger at the shallow dip formed by running of the cultivator than on the small mound. On the mounded area, ratio of the space covered with Artemisia princeps was higher than at the dipped area. Soil moisture showed low value on the mounded area, and there was a negative correlation between ratio of soil moisture and the plant coverage of Artemisia princeps. In contrast, Elsholtzia ciliata showed a positive correlation between soil moisture. Therefore, it was considered that uneveness of the ground surface promoted growth of both species. It was suggested that the growing condition of each species can be conserved by labour-saving management

View full abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate regional resources at a rural area with terrace paddy fields, from both of social and ecological aspects. The study area is Ohaga district, Okayama, Japan. Two types of survey were conducted; social survey using questionnaires to know the favorable landscape by local residents, and vegetation survey to know the qualities of ecosystems.
Questionnaire revealed that residents have will to conserve traditional landscape and managed ecosystems, but they no longer have will to keep agriculture as an industry. While vegetation survey revealed that the landscape elements favored by residents have been disappearing in accordance with the abolishment of managements accompanying with agricultural works. As a result, biological diversity has been also decreasing.
In order to conserve the landscape that favored by local residents, the system to manage rural ecosystems have to be reconstructed, instead of the management systems accompanying with agricultural works.

View full abstract

A number of studies have been made to develop indicators which can assess the sustainability of human activities. For example, the embodied energy or the total energy directly and indirectly consumed for the production of goods and services has been used as a proxy variable that can represent the overall environmental impact of economic activities, as energy use is related to the emission of air pollutants and carbon dioxide that causes the climatic change. On the other hand, ecological footprint (EF) or the land area required to produce the resources and assimilate the wastes is another indicator that focuses on the reproductivity of natural capital stocks. This paper presents an estimate of the ecological footprint of Japan based on the input-output model. Then it compares the environmental loads caused by different industry sectors, using embodied energy and EF as indicators. Finally, it presents an indicator that integrates the embodied energy and the ecological footprint.

View full abstract

Natural open-spaces are important for residents to take refuge in case of disaster and to do various kinds of plays in urban area. Therefore, spatial planning must be considered with both situations. Firstly, safety of districts, which were divided by traffic facilities and rivers, were evaluated with area of space per population, trip to space, building age and structure of building. Secondly, this location was evaluated with variability of play in space and bias of functions. Lastly, consideration was done regarding two consequences.

View full abstract

This study analyzed the mass-flow of material and waste in individual industrial regions to evaluate a material flow model encompassing the larger industrial area. The regions included 25-40 Japanese prefectures in 1994. We used the emission rate of total or industrial waste as an environmental loading item, in order to create an indicator capable of evaluating regional sustainability. Generation of industrial waste was also compared in each industrial category. The relationships between total waste volume and the total material input of the objected prefectures imply that total waste corresponds to nearly 10% of the total material input generated in every prefecture.

View full abstract

In this paper, we evaluated the both of rationality and economic impacts of the land use control to reduce the Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. Though the tax policies, as carbon taxation, are said to be effective among the GHG emission control policies, we picked up the land use control from a position of civil engineering and evaluated the GHG emissions reduced effects through the operation of the land use control. We analyzed what impacts the land use control gave for the agents Eiconomic activities or location choice behavior by using the computable urban economic model that we have developed. In case study, we clarified numerically the effects and impacts of the land use control at Gifu urban area through the simulation analysis.

View full abstract

The bottom-up model is useful to represent the reality of technology and society change under the assumption of the consistent economic sectors, and the top-down model has advantage to reproduce the consistent solution among economic sectors based on the technology assumptions. In this analysis, these two types of models are integrated for the consistent environmental policy assessment considering the distribution of individual technologies. According to the bottom-up model, the sewage sludge treatment model is developed and integrated with computable general equilibrium model, which has been developed to analyze the waste management policy. In the simulation analyses, the GDP loss in 2010, which is derived from the reduction of CO2 emissions based on Kyoto Protocol and the reduction of final disposal of solid waste based on the government target, will be 1.8 trillion yen at 1995 price. By selection of new technology of sewage sludge management, the GDP loss in 2010 is mitigated by 10 billion yen. Moreover, by integration of recycling policy to increase the demand of waste in production process, the GDP loss in 2010 will be mitigated by 200 billion yen. By expanding these simulation analyses to other fields, it is possible to assess the broad environmental policies considering the introduction of the new technology.

View full abstract

Recent years, ODA has shifted their direction to Basic Human Needs Sector as a solution for poverty and improving living standards. For improving quality of ODA activities and securing its accountability, ODA evaluation plays important role. The PCM method is now widely used in major donor countries to evaluate their project in ODA field. This study developed the PCM method for water supply project, and applied this to ODA water supply project in Kingdom of Nepal to evaluate the project as case study. This paper focused IMPACT evaluation among the five items. From the field survey, water usage and effect expand structure of objected region are grasped, then evaluation index had been determined. This paper proposed IMPACT evaluation method, and evaluated actual water supply project by actual survey data.

View full abstract

A simulation system was developed to estimate the thermal effects of an environmental symbiosis plan quantitatively. This system employed the sensible temperature of outdoor human body and the energy consumption in urban block buildings for its indexes in estimation. Radiation heat balance, the heat transfer of building wall and the cooling energy of building's interior were coupled in this system.
The relationship between the outdoor thermal environment and the energy consumption for air conditioning was examined by case studies. One case study showed that street trees improved the thermal environment. However in another case study where the absorption ratio of short waves by the external wall is decreased, a conflicting relationship was found quantitatively between the two indexes. Namely the energy consumption for air conditioning decreased while the outdoor thermal index increased.

View full abstract

Burned waste at their home was investigated in Moriyama City which introduces variable rates. As the result, the mean value became 119g per capita per day, and it became 97-139g per capita per day by area characteristics. Based on this value, the quantity of burned waste in Moriyama is estimated as 35% of the combustible waste collected by the city. The reduction of PR paper and packages and packaging waste seemed to be effective for the reduction of both collected waste and burned waste.

View full abstract

The paper forecasts demand for disposal of municipal solid wastes and explores strategies in China. Based on an analysis on exhaust characteristics of municipal solid waste at the city level, Beijing was chosen for the case study on disposal demand forecasting. Demand for the new waste disposal facilities and requisite investment for new facilities in the next 20 years (2001 to 2020) in Beijing were estimated for various scenarios of waste generation rate, disposal method and scale. It is estimated that Beijing will require 1, 620 to 4, 580 million Yuan of capital investment to build 8 to 22 new facilities, providing capability to dispose of the 37 to 50 million tons of municipal solid waste exceeding the disposal capacity of existing facilities in the next 20 years.

View full abstract

In this study, the relationship between greenery amount and plant boxes on streets in urban residential environments was analyzed to evaluate greenery amount based on activities of demand for green. A lot of plant boxes were observed in low green rate areas. It was considered that behavior of planting in boxes is one of the compensatory responses for demanding green in residential environment. The results of the analysis showed a possibility of using the number of plant boxes to standardization of visual green rate. Plant boxes have a possibility to increase perceived greenery amount and landscape planting in terms of quality.

View full abstract

Five indices; water quality index, water supply index, waste space index, food capacity index and CO₂ disposal index were proposed to evaluate environmental sustainability in Biwa Catchment. The environmental sustainability obtained in this study is thought to be strictly linked with the degree of self-supported ness. The novelty of this paper is explaining how to calculate environmental sustainability on real catchment.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study is to estimate the body burden of Dioxin-like compounds for average Japanese during these decades. To achieve this purpose, we first estimate the daily intake of adults and body burden of newborn babies from available data and substitute them into a body burden model to finally estimate the body burden. As a result, it was illustrated that Japanese who were born in the early 1970s might have accumulated about three times larger body burden of Dioxin-like compounds than that is of based upon the current TDI in Japan.

View full abstract

In this study, We observed historical changes of societal human-environmental systems, and performed investigation research about the relation between the creek in the Saga plain with an original generating process and original culture and people in there. We clarified the diversified relation between the elements that constitute the systems for every time changes by the DEMATEL method with the reference investigation or the listening comprehension investigation. We specifically showed the possibility as events to revitalize the plural relation from the systems that became clear from those results of investigations. And we tried the proposal of carrying out relation between creeks and people to a plural and multistory relation by performing some kinds of events based upon the folklore from now on.

View full abstract

CVM (Contingent Valuation Method) has recently been employed in many research cases. However, researchers have to examine the results in terms of validity and reliability. When the object of CVM is the environment, it is necessary for people to have a sufficient understanding of environmental issues if their answers are to carry appropriate value. However, environmental values differ among people depending on individual characteristic, attitude toward the environment, as well as levels of previous awareness and understanding of the environment. It is accepted that such differences affect evaluation values, such as willingness to pay and certainty of willingness to pay. From the point of view, CVM is applied to evaluate properly the lake Abashiri that has been working on conserving and purifying the environment. This study examines the relationship between the factors affecting evaluation value of CVM, and compares several cases: differing values in environmental evaluation; evaluation by respondents living near the object environment versus those living far from it; difference depending on survey method. We collected 2, 050 questionnaire respondents and clarified how much people's previous awareness levels affected the evaluation values, and suggest ways to increase the validity of CVM as well as to evaluate appropriately the value of environmental quality.

View full abstract

We estimated domestic water consumption and sewerage discharge in each standard grid cell across the 44 municipalities in the Lake Kasumigaura watershed for 1995. Domestic water consumption ranged from-792 to +2, 354m³/d; sewerage discharge ranged from-765 to +1, 949 m³/d between the method in case that only nighttime population was considered and that both nighttime and daytime population was considered. Consideration of the daytime population was important in accurately modeling the hydrological cycle in the watershed.

View full abstract

For the present urban residents, it is hard to percept inundation risk. In implementing inundation risk management, public involvement is indispensable, because rainfall should be close to urban residents. As the precondition for public involvement, it is necessary to improve the conditions that make it difficult for urban residents to recognize rainfall related risks. In this study, the authors conducted a questionnaire survey of inundation risk cognition on urban residents and members of NPOs, which concern urban wet weather flow management. As the result, it is important to provide appropriate information for risk cognition, such as critical parts where inundation damage is high in urban area. Cognizing inundation risk, urban residents will utilize information and take part in some practice to reduce inundation risk. In order to realize public involvement, it is necessary to integrate a scheme for risk cognition into risk management program.

View full abstract

In this research, supposing the time of an earthquake disaster, the water cycle system in an urban area is synthetically diagnosed from the both sides of the direct damage to the water supply and sewage system, which constitutes water cycle system, and complicated water environmental pollution. Since it is difficult tocatch about water environmental pollution especially, the process of investigation is proposed. Based on this approach, the database is created using GIS, and the local diagnosis and the diagnosis of the intake facility is performed. Finally, the influence of the water cycle system on an earthquake disaster is considered.

View full abstract

The amount of construction wastes are estimated to increase steeply in the first half of the 21st century in Japan as a result of intensive urbanization during the last century. Alternative policies for management and renewal system to urban structures considering lacking landfill sites and increasing scarcity of natural resources are planned and their environmental effects are estimated by applying LCA methods. In this paper, an approach from the viewpoint of product chain management is applied for urban structures. First, alternative management policies of urban structures, such as building design for recycling, facility management, and material recycling for building wastes, are designed extending the concept of product chain management. Secondly, estimation process of different future building locational patterns is prepared. Finally, the environmental improvement effects are estimated for different management scenarios in the national scale.

View full abstract

In the arterial road, achievement ratio of environmental standard of road traffic noise is low. In the various noise reduction, countermeasure to sound source is effective regardless of distance and height from the road. Therefore, noise reduction quantity and the improvement of achievement ratio according to sound source countermeasure was examined for the Kitakyushu City. Still, introduction of small low-noise cars and construction of drainage pavement were taken up as countermeasures. By constructing drainage pavement of small aggregate grain diameter and introducing small low-noise cars, rate for meeting environmental quality standards were improved from 28 with 87% in the daytime, and it was improved from 32 with 69% in the night.

View full abstract

Water utilities are reaching a stage of improvement and renewal of aging facilities and pipelines. In addition, improving the quality of water services, such as gaining adequate water pressure, maintaining water quality in distributed water and establishing of countermeasures against an earthquake disaster or a drought etc., is also required. In order to meet these needs of improving water supply system with limited financial resources, it is necessary to rationally evaluate the functions of the water system and establish the project priorities, considering present and future conditions.
This paper proposed a methodology to evaluate the functions of the distribution water mains to help with the planning of the improvement and renewal of water supply networks, and showed a case study applying this methodology.

View full abstract

A waterfront is amenity space in normal and becomes important place to get hydrant water and toilet water in time of an earthquake disaster occurred. In this paper, a concept of waterfront recreation model utilizing of reclaimed water in sewage treatment plant is proposed considering both aspect The formulation of this model is showed and the model is applied to right area of the Yodo river as a case study.

View full abstract

Reclamation has strong impacts on environmental systems. Hence, properties of reclamation plans in port areas are investigated. The Path Analysis with the increased area of reclamation and the water depth at the areas shows followings. The area of reclamation and the maximum water depth is effected by the area of port in FY1989-1991. In FY 1996-1998, the area of reclamation is effected by the population and the product of coastal fishery, ; and the maximum water depth is effected by the land price, the product of industry and dummy of enclosed sea.

View full abstract