Water strategy is one of the most essential policies to develop in the era all over the world. In order to manage the water strategy effectively, the concept of ‘Virtual Water’ has been focused on. In this study we employed the concept and estimated its regional distributions using the China MRIO tables that we have calculated.
The results provided that virtual water distributions varied in each province among the Yellow River Basin, in which water shortage has become serious. This study indicates both a possibility and necessary of the water strategy at a regional level utilizing the virtual water perspective.

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Sewerage service population in Jakarta is only 2.62%. Direct discharge of domestic wastewater and improper design and installation of septic tank cause pollution to river and groundwater. However, these pollution has not been evaluated in detail. This research is aimed on the analysis of the existing condition and tendency of river and groundwater quality. As a result, in rivers T-coli, COD, BOD, NH_4^-N, surfactant, PO_4^-P, and oil/fat exceed the standard relatively. On the other hand, in groundwater the parameters exceeded the standard largely are T-coli, NH_4^-N and Fe. In addition, the water quality improvement was suggested by the basis of water quality condition and the water environmental policy of Indonesian government. As a suggestion, manpower development is required at first. Then suitable programs or projects should be prepared and executed.

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In recent years, arsenic contamination of drinking water has become one of serious problem in Bangladesh. Many institutions from foreign countries have been supporting Bangladesh by means of making wells, giving arsenic removal devices and so on. However, many of them are not acceptable by local people because they can not understand how to maintain them or their effectiveness for arsenic. Furthennore some devices are too inconvenien to use in their daily lives. We carried out interviews with local people at two villages in Bangladesh in order to define the relation between arsenic problems and their social environment and to figure out acceptable alternatives to be adapted there. Considering the result, two deterministic functions are set up, one represents local people's satisfaction with drinking water, the other represents local people's unhappiness.

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The graph model for conflict resolution is used to formally analyze an ongoing conflict between India and Bangladesh over the regulation of the Ganges River in order to illustrate the crucial role a Third Party can play in resolving the dispute. Because a Third Party can assist in resolving a dispute in a variety of ways, a general systems approach to conflict management with a Third Party is devised. The strategic analysis of the India/Bangladesh conflict using the graph model clearly shows that one can determine, in advance, exactly how a Third Party can influence potential resolutions to the dispute. In this study, one of the roles of a Third Party, Coordinator, is focused on. As a result of applying the procedure of the conflict management with a Third Party to India/Bangladesh conflict, it is shown that mutual belief between Bangladesh and India is built up, and the outcome which means the improvement of the conflict situation can be realized although the outcome cannot be achieved under the settings cf the actual on-going conflict without a Third Party.

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Recently, ODA evaluation is recognized as important and necessary for securing accountability and improving the quality of ODA. This study is aimed at proposing an evaluation method for ODA projects in the water supply sector in terms of water quality. Achievement Grade (AG) and Risk Level of contamination were proposed for indicators of evaluating impact as potability. To demonstrate the evaluation results, field surveys were conducted in Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam and Indonesia. In addition to water quality analysis, the following surveys were conducted for multiple understanding of the actual situation: interview with those concerned with the projects, facility study and questionnaire survey to the beneficiaries.

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Sustainable development of developing countries is one of the key requirements of Clean Development Mechanism designated in the Kyoto Protocol. The methodology for the evaluation of sustainable development of CDM is proposed with the case study of the solid waste management in Beijing, Bangkok and Sao Paulo. Current situation, future plan, regulations and its enforcement in that sector in the city are examined first. Indicators for sustainability are taken up to cover all aspects and categorized into environment, economy, society and culture, and technology. They are also divided into direct and indirect effects and examined its level of importance. Before a project is selected, features of the city and of the alternative technologies are separately considered with sustainability evaluation list. Based on its comparison, more sustainable project can be selected. Method to enhance sustainability in implementation stage are also considered.

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This study analyzed the carbon mass balance related to architeetural wood based on material flow analysis. We estimated that the total carbon stock increment in Japanese architectural wood in the year 2000 was nearly 3, 790, 000t-C. The estimated carbon emissions from the incineration or decomposition of unutilized and waste wood were nearly 4, 290, 000 t-C. In addition, the estimated carbon emissions via fossil fuel consumption during the produrtion and transport of architectural wood were nearly 2, 970, 000 t-C. Assuming 30 years as the average service life of buildings, the carbon assimilation in 30 years following reforestation is nearly 4, 470, 000 t-C, which exceeds the carbon emissions from architectural wood after the demolition of these buildings.

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We proposed a reconciliation method in order to estimate material flow and stock for providing information to construct Recycle-based society. Using Input-Output Tables, industrial statistics and waste statistics as input data, this study estimated material flow and stock from 1970 to 1995 in Japan. The models developed here have been applied to three target materialswood, iron, and gravel/building stone. Based on the estimation, stock of wood has grown gently; On the one hand, stock of gravel and building stone has grown rapidly. That of iron was intermediate. As for the material flow, input, output, waste and stock of target materials by each industry sector were estimated.

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In this paper, an attempt was made to analyze the environmental efficiencies for domestic industrial sectors and industrial sites in terms of energy consumption and combustible waste generation by using energy and waste statistics. By using these data, first, volume of the energy utilization potential was estimated for industrial sectors and sites providing that the manufacturing sectors which give lower environmental efficiencies can improve their environmental efficiencies up to their median or the first quartile levels among prefectural data. Secondly, the domestic industrial sites which have comparatively greater potential in energy utilization were extracted.

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To address golobal warming problems, Japanese local governments currently tend to introduce new energy technologies including renewable energy technologies such as wind power and photovoltaic generation systems, and to formulate local energy policies in addition to relevant usual environmental policies. This paper shows processes of the formulation and introduction by analysing the data collected from local governments' officials through questionnaire. Main findings demonstrate that new energy technologies areintroduced by limited actors with subisidies in many cases, however ensuring diversity of actors and providing various arenas for communication affect outcomes of processes seriously, and characteristrics of new energy technologies differentiate actors involved and furthermore introductoin process.

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Scenario-driven approaches for policy planning that include uncertainty from a long-term perspective are receiving attention. In this research, the framework of scenario-driven policy planning for the sustainable basin region management is constructed; and a simulation system for organic matter cycling policy is established. Concretely, in order to grasp the material flow in the whole basin region due to policy introduction, a material balance table incorporating the industrial linkage is constructed Moreover, the GIS-based evaluation system in order to examine the treatment boundary setting and facilities location for each cycling measure is developed. Furthermore, four alternative organic matter cycling policies are adopted and then evaluated using the pdicy simulation system constructed. As the result, the changes in material flow of the whole drainage basin when plural organic matter cycling measures are introduced are shown. Also, it was made possible to express the measure effect in terms of cost, final disposal quantity and carbon dioxide discharge dimensions.

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We have a lot of organic waste, especially in urban area. Urban cities should manage to treat its organic waste within the cities as much as possible. In order to run composting system of organic waste successfully, we need more green open space where recycled compost can return to the soil. Composting also improves the urban soil, and the improved soil can grow rich and healthy green. This will also be effective in controlling heat-island phenomenon and floods in urban areas. We studied whether we can use recycled compost, in urban green open space and we tried to classify the space in terms of the quality of the compost to be used in the areas as well as its feasibility. Then, we showed the calculation for Green Open Space for Return, which is required size of the green area for a city to return the organic waste generated in the city. In addition, we made a calculation taking a example of Itabashi-ku, Tokyo.

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This study attempts to manifest the transition of image to Tsutenkaku Tower with texts in lyrics of popular songs and expressions in magazines. After its completion, the image of transcendence with its height is reflected. In parallel with continuous constructions of skyscrapers in its neighborhood and reconsideration of high economic growth, the image of transcendence turns to be more conceptual and tenuous, and the tower is integrated as daily-cognitive landscape. These days its height is perceived particularly with the panorama from its observatory.

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It is important to make a water resources development plan considering not only natural science but also residents' consciousness because conflict between stakeholders easily occurs when the plan involves wide effects. However, there is almost no systematic way for connecting the evaluation of residents' consciousness with a plan. In this paper, we propose the way for multi-evaluation of water resources development based on a stakeholder's viewpoint. Concretely, we construct the model for treating each stakeholder's evaluation criteria systematically by changing it to “Satisfaction Function”. This process is applied to the multi-evaluation of the Yoshino River movable weir problem's alternatives.

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To deal with a lot of environmental problems, not only technological innovations, but also changes of life style and improvement of social system are necessary. In this study, we developed a model to estimate the impact on household metabolism by the life style change. The model shows relationship between household consumption and generated environmental load under constraint of income budget, material balance, energy balance and time budget. We applied the model to Japan by 2030. We estimated the amount of solid waste, bulky waste, air pollutants, water pollutants, house construction waste from household consumption.

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In this study, it aims at clarifying the effect of environmental learning combining the teaching materials of digital one and an analog using WebGIS in case of “Period for Integrated Study” of Suzakudaisan elementary school. It clarified that WebGIS which can register an observation result in detail and can search a place and the contents immediately promoted living thing study, the study using the output map recognizing the total environment correctly, and developing group work, and the exchange between schools by the video letter is made to learn the ability to express, and notice the difference in the living thing by different area. And in order to promote environmental study, the lesson management organization using WebGIS by three persons of a teacher, a student, a local resident, or a specialist was proposed.

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The Environmental Keeping Book is effective for people to shift environmentally sound actions. However, the level of their motivation for environment and preventing the global warming is so high that they cannot often accept it. Then, in the research, for the purpose of improving the problem, the Reminding type of the Environmental Keeping Book is tried to make and its possibility is argued about.
As the method of the research, “the Environmental Daily Calendar Keeping Diary” is tried to make as the Reminding type of the Environmental Keeping Book and is experimented on. Through the results of the investigation, the subjects are classified into four types and it is cleared that the type of subjects which the tool is suitable for. In conclusion, as the Phase is gone through, the Environmental Keeping Book according and unique to the subject is being made.

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In addition to the fact that more than 60% of people in Bangladesh have no access to latrines, the highly unhygienic type of latrine prevalent in this country is presenting a multitude of sanitary problems in this country today. In order for communities in a developing country to be able to make sanitary latrines and better human excreta management available to themselves, it must be made clear to them which technologies would be acceptable to local residents and how these technologies might be implemented. Through a survey consisting of direct interviews to urban residents in Bangladesh, the authors have grasped these residents' awareness on sanitation-related issues such as latrines, human excreta management, and living conditions in general. This paper analyzes the result of the survey and discusses some requirements for an acceptable sanitation improvement technology and its introduction into local community.

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Water supply areas of small water undeirtakings are generally small and diffused. Therefore, there are lots of water supply facilities and they are sparsely allocated. Those facilities have to be inspected periodically. The method to plan the route which can patrol those facilities effectively was considered in this paper. The patrol is carried out within working time every day. Therefore, the minimum total patrol time with the constraint of daily working time was considered. The way to induce automatic analyzer which make patrol unnecessary was also considered. The proposed method was applied to real undertakings which had lots of facilities by unification of waterworks.

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Since artificial soil is shallow and has drain phase, seepage of rainwater in artificial soil differs from the natural soil. Authors investigated the seepage of rainwater into the soil from the viewpoint of out-flow discharge control. The experiment was conducted for different types of vegetative soil and for different thicknesses, using rain making equipments. It has been found that at the end of the rainfall, the soil doesn't get saturation because of the factors such as differences in structures and swelling capacity of soils.

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It is important to understand the location of combined sewer pipes with high deposits to reduce CSO pollutant load efficiently, because the sewer solids has a significant influence on the overflow pollutant load during the wet weather. In this study, field surveys were carried out to confirm which types of pipe structure have a tendency to accumulate deposits during the dry weather period. Most of the specified pipes with high deposits by a distributed model were under stagnant flow condition and had high deposits, although the amount of deposit was not verified. Therefore, the specification method of sewer pipe with high deposits was developed based on pipe network data and pollutant transportation calculation using the Ackers and White Equation. A simplified procedure to estimate the amount of deposition during the dry weather period was also proposed.

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The female hormone exhausted from the human body has from about 1, 000 to 10, 000 times stranger estrogens activity than a typical chemical to which the endocrine disrupter's action is suggested.
We researched the effective reduction of the female hormone with an experimental apparatus of the batch formula using only ultraviolet rays because usage of ultraviolet rays together with other technologies complicates the operation management in a sewage plant. We put sample water with E1 and E2 or treated wastewater in an experimental container made of stainless steel, enclosed it in an apparatus radiating ultra violet rays and measured reduction effect of E1 and E2 while changing the length of radiation period. It has been understood to be able to reduce the female hormone by ultraviolet rays as a result of the experiment.

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Competition between wetland species, Phragmites australis, and upland species, Misranthus sacchanflorus, in a river-wetland rehabilitation site was analyzed in relation to flood discharge, flood interval and their stem-breaking moment. River flow was analyzed by two-dimensional depth-averaged Reynolds equation to solve the moment acting on the stems. Regrowth dynamic model considering their stem-breaking, one of the damage types of the two species, was formulated. The decrease in biomass by flood discharge and interval were analyzed for monospecific stands and competitive stand. If their stem breaking is occurred every year, survival of the two species is difficult. However, if the interval is 2-5 years, they can survive but superiority of M. sacchariflorus is decreased. The analysis indicates that stem-breaking of both two species by flood every 2-5 years can delay the transition from wetland to upland species.

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We have studied the amount of visit, the use purpose and the degree of satisfaction to urban river by the questionnaire to residents. We considered the improvement direction of the river environment from relations, such as the amount of visits to a river, and the degree of satisfaction. Irrespective of the amount of visits, residents are dissatisfied to the quality and beauty of the water of a river. We have extracted the factors of “comfortable”, “clean”, “safety”, and “nature” from the factor analysis of the degree of satisfaction to a river. The amount of visits is influenced of the comfortable factor. It is important for the urban river construction to make it safe and comfortable.

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To evaluate vulnerability of cereal transportation and cereal stocks estimated from the current land use and demand-supply on cereal in China, two types of numerical models (non-market type and market type) were developed and applied to this topic. Input data were 20km-cell base published by Otsubo (1999). Target year was around 1995. In case of no cereal transportation, severe cereal shortage appeared in urban regions. In the non-market type model, cereal was transported from grid-cells with positive cereal stocks to grid-cells with negative cereal stocks in proportion to the ratio of their GDP. In the market type model, each grid cell absorbed cereal from surrounding cells in proportion to its GDP (economic potential). In the non-market type model, regional imbalances of cereal stocks were decreased by the cereal transportation. However, the result in the market type model showed some risk of decreasing cereal stocks in hinterlands of productive regions and in urban regions far from productive regions, especially coastal zone in the south China, because a quick accumulation of cereal in the coastal municipalities enlarged such regional imbalances.

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The purpose of this study is to propose a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the facility location problem and the transportation problem on the planning of reverse logistics for the electric household appliance recycling. Firstly, we formulated the collection system as a network model which was composed of generation, translation and terminal nodes. Through a preliminary analysis by a conventional algorithm, it was demonstrated that its application had a limitation in the case of a large scale problem. Finally, we conducted a case study of Tokyo in order to show the validity of GA. As a result, it was revealed that our proposed method was useful for the combinatorial optimization problem in the field of reverse logistics.

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The estimation method for transport CO₂ emissions by municipalities should reflect each characteristics and should be applicable to the effective analysis. To distribute national or prefectual CO₂ emissions simply into municipalities proportional to the activity volume is not suitable for the estimation. This study showed transport CO₂ emissions by municipalities in terms with the homebases or the destinations of travels which were calculated with the master data of the origin-destination travel survey. The estimated emissions were compared with other estimations calculated with person trip data, traffic volume or fuel sales volume data. As a result, a framework for the effective analysis was developed.

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The reduction of the road traffic noise by the construction of the porous elasticity pavement was estimated theoretically. Then, the improvement of rate for meeting environmental quality standard of the road traffic noise for the Kitakyushu City was examined. The results are shown in the following. 1) The decrease of the average power level of small-sized motor vehicle and large-sized one in changing the usual pavement for the porous elasticity pavement is large. 2) On the other hand, the change of sound spectrum does not contribute much to the noise reduction. That is, the noise reduction in installing barrier on the porous elasticity pavement is equivalent to it on the usual pavement. 3) The noise reduction by the construction of the porous elasticity pavement is large. Most site of arterial road in the Kitakyushu City suits the environmental standard of road traffic noise. 4) However, the noise reduction decreases in proportion to commercial vehicles ratio. It is necessary to consider the countermeasure to the large-sized motor vehicles for the case in which there are many large-sized ones.

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The objective of this study is to develop an emission monitoring system that estimates NOx (nitrogen oxides), PM (particulate matter) and CO₂ (carbon dioxide) emissions on each road section using vehicle detectors. The study roads are Route 6 (a total length of 12km), Route 8 (a total length of 10km) and Route 16 (a total length of 29km) in Kashiwa, Chiba. One hundred eighty one ultrasonic detectors have been installed on these roads. First, a method to estimate vehicle emissions from running patterns was established by analyzing time-dependant emission data. Next, a method to estimate running patterns from the detector data was developed. The results from the system include the road maps that indicate the emissions in each road section, and the time-space diagram of the emissions on the study roads. The developed system is useful to identify the road sections and time periods that have excessive emissions.

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The local precipitation, which occurs frequently in an inner area connecting Fukuoka plains and Chikushi plains, has been investigated by using the data of AMeDAS and Rader AMeDAS Precipitation. The relationship between the convergence of sea breezes from Genkai and Ariake seas and the local precipitation has been investigated by using the ARPS model. The analytical results show the evident convergence of the two sea breezes toward the inner area and the generation of the strong upward wind. Also the convective cloud is generated due to the upward wind. These results show that the local precipitation is closely related with the convergence of the sea breezes blowing into the inner area.

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In case of recycling and exploiting biomass resources in regional cities and towns, it is necessary that recycle systems not only reduce environmantal load, but also make the systems themselves economically and socially sustainable. This study deals with biomass recycling systems based on “participation” by inhabitants and workers in the region, and proposes their importance and evaluationg concepts. Indicator of these evaluations is composed of three aspects, “Environment”(CO₂ emission), “Economy”(reduction of outgoing cost) and “Society”(participatory hours) to take it into account how these recycling systems are environmentally-benign and sustainable.

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We developed a simple method to estimate cost and environmental load in fluorocarbon recovery/destruction system from commercial refrigerator and air conditioner. In order to estimate fluorocarbon collection process in detail, we also developed a method to get regional fluorocarbon distribution. Distribution of commercial air conditioner is estimated by distribution of building floor space. That of commercial refrigerator is done by distribution of number of retail trade shop. Results shows that cost of extraction, storage and destruction processes take most part of total cost compared with transportation cost.

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The Flame Retardants (FRs) are used as additives to reduce the flammability by many industries, and support our activities. However, the FRs have toxic chemicals, and they may pose health harm. Therefore the regulation of the FRs is important matter, but we need to choice the regulatory policy which is less impacts to industrial or living activities as possible as. In this paper, we build the CGE model to clarify the distribution or incidence mechanism of costs and benefits when introducing the regulation of FRs, and evaluate actually them through the numerical simulation.

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To maintain good public health, it is necessary that the solid waste collection service should be maintained in good condition. In waste collection services, collector's schedule, especially distributing the works equally to each collector, is very important from the viewpoint of collectors' morale and experience. However, it's difficult to compose collector teams so that they can collect wastes efficiently, because there are many patterns of composing teams and a variety of restrictions.
The first step of this study is an investigation into the problem by interviewing and collecting records at the waste collection office in city ‘A’. The next step is the development of a scheduling method which considers the Collector Scheduling Problem as a Multi-Objective Optimization Problem. The method can solve the problem by finding Pareto Optimal Solution, by means of the Genetic Algorithms. The last step is a demonstration that the method can provide a good solution as shown by applying it to the case of city ‘A’.

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Though various efforts have been performed toward establishment of a resource-cycle oriented society, the landfill site is still prerequisite as a basic infrastructure for waste management. However, construction of new landfill site is extremely difficult mainly due to the financial problem or NINPBY problem. Recently, a new method, which can reproduce landfill capacity at an existing landfill site, is paid to attention. In this method, landfilled waste is dug up from the landfill site in order to reproduce the new space. Then the waste is physically selected, and it is carried to the melting facility. The waste, which is dug up from the landfill, is finally melted into slag and utilized as construction materials. This method, however, might require additional energy use and cause larger CO2 emission compared with the case in which a new landfill is constructed.
From the global viewpoint, this study aims to estimate the green house gas emissions from the operation of above method. Results indicated that the melting process caused significant amount of CO2 emission due to the fuel consumption and pyrolysis gasification of the waste. On the other hand, methane gas, whose global warming effect is 21 times larger than CO2, is not generated from the landfill site so that digging up of landfilled waste and its melting prevents degradation of organic matters in the waste. Therefore, it was suggested that the method of reproducing landfill capacity is preferable to be applied to the anaerobic landfill site in which waste was directly landfilled without incineration.

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In this study, satellite remote sensing was applied to monitor the Laogang landfill, one of China's largest landfill sites. Results indicated as follows; the progress of landfilling could be grasped by comparing the images that were taken in different days, the area where the temperature was relatively high and the area under landfilling were corresponding, degree of vegetation growth on the landfilled area was related to the elapsed time after completion of landfilling, and that was supposed to be the effect of gas generated by microbe degradation of organic waste.

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The relationship between the appearance of birds in storm-water reservoirs for flood control and environmental factors was analyzed to verify that reservoirs which is considered to be one of artificial ground perform ecological space in urban area. As a result, variety of birds species were observed. The number of birds species influenced by vegetation grown across the ages and existence of water area inside of reservoir. The results of the analysis were indicated that reservoirs isolated in urban work as biodiverse habitats under such environmental condition and related to wide area outside of urban. It can be concluded that reservoirs funcion as creation of nature included animate and surrounding in artificial urban area.

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Crop raiding by Japanese macaque have not remarkably reduced in spite of various defensive measures. Cause of this problem is mainly inferred from habitat loss. To define appropriate arrangement of new natural habitat, we investigated relationship between crop damage level and the distance from four spatial factors to field. Then, we developped a logistic regression model to estimate synthetically the spatial factors as risk factors. As the result, we showed that long distance from forest and large river, and short distance from wide road would lead to low damage level. Using this model, we calculated the distance between field and forest in low risk. We concluded that new natural forest should be arranged at the place within home range of pest troops that is more 40 meters away from field.

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We studied the impact of the lower-layer vegetative structure on habitat selection by raccoon dog. First, we calculated“a plant biomass index” based on the area, sociability, and height of each vegetation unit of the lower layer, and determined the relationship between the distribution of lower-layer vegetation and the geographical features of the site. Next, we used radiotelemetry to evaluate environmental selectivity by raccoon dogs. We related the structure of the lower-layer vegetation to the habitat selected by the raccoon dogs. Our analysis revealed that the raccoon dogs had a significant preference for inclined ground with a high plant biomass index and a high occurrence of Pleioblatus chino. Thus, the structure of the lower-layer vegetation in a forest is as significant as the forest type in restricting the habitat of raccoon dogs.

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I numerically studied the population changes in three spicies ecosystem on which the spicies diffuse given network. I introduced the randomness of the network using the exchange of randomly selected edges with a given probability. The network constructed by such a process is called the small world. In case of relatively large degree of connection, conelations between the most distant pairs increase with an increase of the probability. This fact shows that the ecosystems with the small world networks have a tendncy to syncronize the whole system.

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Environmental load by tourism in Yakushima Island, registered in World Heritage Natural Property in 1993, was calculated based on field study to propose a method for sustainable tourism establishment. A questionnaire to grasp tourism behaviors and an investigation on discharged waste from facilities related to tourism were carried out. The questionnaire includes questions such as a lodging place, number of lodging days, eating place and number of times, visiting sightseeing places and so on. The investigation for discharged waste was consisted of examinations of discharged amount and number of user at the period, waste composition. From the results of the questionnaire for tourists, tourist patterns are categorized into 5. The environmental loads such as waste discharge amount and carbon dioxide emission of each tourist pattern were calculated. At the viewpoint of waste, the hotel users would discharge larger amount of waste than the users of a lodging house and a campsite. The reason is that the hotel user discharge a lot of garbage waste during their stay in the hotel. Future environmental load was estimated based on scenarios.

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As for this case study at Umegaya settlement, aims at proposing a rural-urban collaboration program based on the re-discovery of the area resources that an inhabitant participates based on localogy and the landscape change surveying using place names and GIS. The waterway that was the important source inside the zone around the residential zone was preserved, and a settlement was shown that it was important to prepare a permanent environment to maintain it. Then, a group related to the interest outside the settlement complemented un-use management resources and shortage management resources with the area inhabitant, and kept in touch, and it was proposed that it was effective to enforce arable land maintenance and rural-urban collaboration program of prevention of bamboo zone growing thick.

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This research aims at the proposal of an information system which supports management of ecomuseum to local residents according the Yasugawa-karyuchiku Denenkukan Hakubutsukan to an case. The stakeholder of ecomuseum was extracted and the needs of each group were clarified. And each group shared information and built the model system of WebGIS based on the geographic information standard as a tool which cooperates and promotes management of ecomuseum. Moreover, “systems operation management”, “data operation management”, and “information audit” were mentioned as a role in management of information and communication technology. And the proposal for aiming at management of a system in trial in the measure towards establishment of ecomuseum was performed.

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A questionnaire survey which used the rating scale method was carried out, and the cognitive models concerning the causal relationship between the constructs in risk perception on the quality of drinking water according to customer's trait was developed with the use of covariance structure analysis. It was revealed how the constructs in the risk perception, such as the amount of information on tap water quality, prescribe the sense of insecurity of drinking water quality. In addition, the influence of the customer's trait on the causal relationship between the constructs was investigated. The findings in this study suggest that risk perception on drinking water is significantly higher for female than for male in the community. As a result, it was shown that the customer's trait, such as the preference to bottled water or boiled water for drinking, differences in structure of cause and effect chains on the cognitive models were observed.

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The purpose of this research is to explain the recognition structure of the flood damage risk and risk cognition.The First, flood risk recognition grasped from the area character of the waterside and the individual attribute. And then analyzed, the recognition structure of the flood damage avoidance intention by the information in the risk communication.
As a result “the flood damage avoidance intention” was proved that minding “information” from “the flood damage risk” as consciousness improvement. And that was proved that the tendency of the hard repair dependence was higher than risk receptive consciousness. However, “hazard map recognition” is not known fully under the present condition, and it remains of a subject that a methodology of the information offers. Besides, it is said that water resources in urban setting such as river and waterside in Tokyo are very effective measures to prevent or mitigate natural disasters; much attentions have been paid to the utilization of water resources in the city after the Grate Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake.
Therefore, it is very important to make the best use of river and watersides, backed by appropriate laws and regulations, in order to improve the community's natural and living environment as well as prevention measures against natural disasters.

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The one objective of this paper is to search about scenario approach. The other objective is to develop the system for the building future scenarios in basin area, and the scenario planning stage of the framework of scenario-driven policy development programs work for the sake of sustainable basin management. At first, this paper researches and organizes the existing scenario approach works, and highlights that constructions and process. In the next step, based on that approach, decide the framework for the system. The system is constituted from qualified the scenario to establish each dimension and statement, and quantified scenario to quantify industry, population and land use. So, this system make it possible to build the quality and quantity scenarios in basin area. Finally, the results of this paper are produce the four scenarios in Arakawa Basin area with the developed system.

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The instream flow incremental methodology and the other simulation model were introduced in River regulation programs in many countries. But, we have not used such evaluation models for environmental management in rivers/streams in Japan. In this paper, we tried to find a more convenient method for fish habitat evaluation using modified IFIM. The habitat preference estimation only from the macrohabitat model, PHABSIM, could not lead to accurate evaluation. It is necessary to find the parameter in the large-scale such as the long streamline range. The extraction of the explanatory variable as a necessity facilitated the use of the multiple regression analysis. In this case, the highest temperature during summer is most important variable for the macrohabitat evaluation.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the way of communication between Chindon-ya, who flashily dressed and advertise things on streets with musical instruments, and the audiences. We analyzed the way of their advertisement and classified it into five types. They are “Followed (Audiences follow to Chindon-ya)”, “Answer to audience's action”, “Pay attention to catch eyes”, “Drawing”, and “Talking”. We found that Chindon-ya intuitively sensed the atmosphere of the street where they walked and determined how they should perform.

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