Some Institutios require local governments to take measures to introduce renewable energy facility and to modify the proenvironmental behavior of public. However, little local governments implement the integrated measures, and there is little evidence to show the relationship between the two should be expected practically. This paper clarifies the effects on proenvironmental behavior of the public by wind power facility introduction through a questionnaire. Main findings are summarized as follows. First, viewing behavior and family communication are significant factors to determine the change of proenvironmental behavior. Second, viewing behavior and family communication are defined by information ptovision by local government and developers and the relationship with the local community.

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The purpose of this study is to approach the effective risk communication about geologic disposal of high-level radioactive waste. It was attempted to search people's information gathering characteristics and risk perception structure, the influence relations between these factors. As the result, it was clarified that media use concern about risk perception, risk perception concern about anxiety, and risk perception is to each people's owns. Moreover, risk perception was composed by following 3 factors, “Personal”, “Technical”, and “External”. It was shown that “Technical” factor especially had the strong influence. Therefore, it was concluded that risk communication is necessary to disclose information much further, to supply information about technical contents at various attributes.

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To realize sustainable society in rural areas, it is important for local government to keep quality of living environment enough to motivate residents to settle. However, it is not obvious that which factors living environment comprises and which factors are critical for the intention to settle of the residents. This study examines the relationship between the intention to settle and living environmental factors using logit model. It is also shown that critical factors are different from the person who are in different life stage.

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It is legal duty to connect sewerage system for households when sewerage system is developed. However, it is expensive to reconstruct toilet and discharge system in a house. Therefore, sewerage systems are not sufficiently used. The household behavior to use newly developed sewerage system is studied considering household income, cost to use the system and household remained lifetime. Logit model to describe the household choice of wastewater treatment system was investigated. The questionary survey was carried out and model parameters were estimated. Using the model the using rate of sewerage system was explained.

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In this paper, gender differences of attitudes toward environmental issues are investigated by two studies using the method of analysis of variance, one is changes in attitudes of junior high school students through an on-site-training program (Study-1), the other is differences of attitudes between junior high school students and university students (Study-2). The Study-1 has revealed two points: (1) there are no significant gender differences in knowledge, interest and behavioral intention, however motive shows significant gender differences (female>male). (2) there are no significant gender differences of changes in attitudes of junior high school students through the on-site-training program. The Study-2 has revealed two points: (1) there are no significant gender differences in knowledge and interest, however motive and behavioral intention show significant gender differences (female>male). (2) there are significant age differences in knowledge, interest, and motive (University>Junior high), but there are no significant age differences in behavioral intention. The differences above are discussed mainly based on gender studies and developmental psychology

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This study manifests the transition of social image to the Kyoto Tower, dealing with descriptions in monthly magazines or travel guidebooks introducing the tower. Since its foundation, objection against the construction has been existing till recent times. At the same time, unexpected aesthetic value of its appearance, or the value as symbol of Kyoto, were discovered and it intensified the connection of image to Kyoto itself. Property as a landmark keeps increasing till new Kyoto Station Building was constructed in 1997. Public interest in its history are generated recently.
On the other hand, a common view that the original motif was the “Candle” was spontaneously established. This fact suggests the relationship between image and tower's formal, geographical condition or social conditions.

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This paper examined practice and evaluation of the experienced-based environmental education program for under graduate students at Expo'70 Commemorative Park in Suita, Osaka. Education impacts of the program were measured by the questionnaire which had 40 question items based on three major criteria-environmental education, social contribution and self-realization-. Before and after the program, the questionnaire survey was conducte against an examinee group of 10 students and 3 control groups. The survey results suggested that examinees' education impacts were characterized by “attitude” and “participation” toward social contribution actions including local environmental conservation activities. Our results also indicated that education impacts were acknowledged not only by the increased items in the post survey, but also by the decreased items, some of which seemed to relate with deeper awareness change in the examinee students through tough experiences offered by the program.

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Purposes of this research are to clear the present conditions analysis of the ISO14001 activity in universities, and the improvement method of activity. Methods of this research are the questionnaire survey to 39 universities which acquired ISO 14001. Findings of this research are as follows: 1. Many universities are carrying out energy saving, saving resources, and waste reduction. But there are few universities which are carrying out environmental education and eco-campus than anticipation.
2. The merits of IS014001 activity are reduction of costs, and improvement in the environmental consciousness in students.
3. The improvement methods of problems are periodical shift of person in charge, making students participate in ISO14001 activity, and utilizing lessons as environmental education or a place of practice of ISO14001 activity.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify actual condition and issues concerning conservation of species. The questionnaire has been used in biodiversity analysis. Samples were collected from 47 prefectural and city governments. The following things has been considered: protected species, differences between conservation of certain species, and biodiversity. Results shown that public policies concerning biodiversity have quality, but their implementation is unsatisfactory. Although some of prefectural and city governments have high-level policies concerning conservation of biodiversity, globally level of policies is inadequate. This study is also here to help future implementations of policies concerning conservation of biodiversity in prefectural and city governments.

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We recorded a listening comprehension and a remark for the person concerned from the example that the project of a natural environmental service was agreed in a short term. The project of a natural environmental service. The purpose is to clarify problem structure in a process of consensus building of an interested person and a government office.I took two analysis methods. One is A figure of problem cause structure by Project Cycle Management method. As a result, it became clear that the main problems were “Aggravation of farmland landscape”, “Distrust for a government office”, “Dissatisfaction to plan”, and “Disorder of local order”, by a party intersted by a process of an agreement. The other is cluster analysis of remark contents. As a result, only “Distrust for a government office” was the same result as PCM method. The thing that is important by a process reaching an agreement is to eradicate distrust than contents of a project. In addition to achieving a consensus in a meeting, the things that is important were to listen to the opinion of an each interested person and cope with it.

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Industrial symbiotic approach has been applied for integrative urban waste management policies in Kawasaki Eco-town, which is recognized as one of the most innovative practices in Japan. Technology inventory data were surveyed and quantitatively identified through company survey for recycle oriented cement company, waste plastic utilization in blast furnace fac tory, and stainless plant in the coastal area of Kawasaki Eco-town. Four scenario cases are designed to implement industrial symbiosis effects in Kawasaki environmental policy, where case 1 defines the current circulation system which adopt solid wastes from fifer places, case 2 defines the regional circulation collaboration among local industries, and case 3 provides the effects for integrative waste management among urban households and industrial plants, while case 0 identifies the non drulation situations. The results show that as much as 230 thousand reduction in CO₂ tons a re expected in the most symbiotic approach.

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A web information system to promote regional solid waste circulation was designed and preliminarily attempted by local business sectors in Kawasaki Eco-town. The system was provided through web GIS network to let regional industrial sectors share recycling technologies, spatialinformation and evaluation for environmental improvement effects. Waste management and by-product exchange were analyzed and suitable processes are incorporated into information system as well as graphic interface. Preliminary utilization among industrial group showed variant preferences for information system among different users.

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The regional energy system has been introduced in Kanazawa Yokohama as a demonstrative micro grid that supplies both electric power and heat produced from wastes and biomass resourcesin a small area. This paper proposes the GIS-based decision support system to estimate the spatial distribution of biomass energy and regional energy demand. The support system enables planners to evaluate the supply-side energy-saving effect through matching the energy demand patterns and the temperature levels of heat demands with generation.

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In recent years, Compact city is paid attention, and it is promoted in our country in recent years. But the city keeps diffusing still and the environmental load keeps increasing. Therefore, in this research, it paid attention to the automobile fuel consumption that was the index of the environmental load so that doing the compact urban layout to what residential zone might clarify important to thenegative environmental load decrease. The change in automobile fuel consumption the passing age in the residential zone level to which the residential zone development were done was analyzed by using the type of residential zones. It was able to be clarified that as a result of the analysis, there was a difference in the increase and decrease of the automobile fuel consumption by the type of the city and the difference ofthe land use restriction.

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The objective of this research is to obtain universal knowledge on relation between urban structure and CO, NO_x, PM and CO₂ emissions from urban passenger transport. Firstly, we conducted contributing factor analysis on variations of pollutants emissions among world cities. It is shown that variations of emissions are mostly contributed by transport volume for all pollutants. Secondly, we developed transport demand model which explains transport demand using variables including population density andurban area as explanatory variables. Then, we simulated influence of population density change to pollutants emissions by using transport demand model and emission factor model. It is shown that NO_x emissionsper urban area increase by 6.2%-25.8% while CO₂ emissions per capita decrease 3.1%-11.3% when population density increases by 20%. It is also shown that reduction rate of CO₂ emissions per capita is the highest in cites where modal share of passenger car is about 60% in trip base.

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To mitigate the heat island phenomenon in Kawasaki, the reductions of housing air conditioning electricity consumption by the application of wateretentive system were detrmined By using AUSSSM tool, outdoor air temperature which is the major factor for air-condition load was set and the spatial distribution of outdoor air temperature in vertical direction was determined An urban model consists ofbuilding usage and land use data was developed using GIS. The electricity consumptions for air-conditioning in high-rise and low-rise congested housing district areas were calculated, and 8% and 6% of electricity consumption reductions, respectively, could be expected.

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In this study, the authors analyzed the data of thermal environmental indicators observed in typical thermal stress days in Chongqing City, an outstandingly growing megalopolis in China. And they calculated the physiological thermal indicators at several observation points with various landscapes in the city, and discussed on these temporal and spatial features from the viewpoint of urban structure around them. In the process, because it was impossible to access to electronic spatial information database such as urban planning GIS data and so on, the physiological thermal indicators calculated using observation results were compared to results of numerical simulation using the sky view photograph by fish-eye lens and Ray Man Model. Then the both results agreed well. This indicates the physiological thermal indicators have some provability to be calculated with some accuracy by simple method, even if in the field without detail electronic spatial information database. It is considered that this method is useful for evaluation of thermal environment in the area with a lack of urban spatial information database.

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In water distribution system, leaks and breaks occur because of degradation and/or corrosion under the influence of aged pipes and/or underground environment. Pipe material also makesa difference in the probability of breaks. This paper focused on water loss amount from leaks and breaks in distribution submains, and made a prediction model to quantify the leakage using pipe ages and materials as influence factors. We fit the model with application of Real-Coded GA that find the most suitable coefficient vector in real space. In consequence, our model could predict leakage amount in the future with some alternatives of the management and the renewal planning of water sub-mains.

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In this research, we developed an accident risk assessment model and leakage risk assessment model using quantification theory so that the diagnosis of the safety of water pipeline systems may be done with ease. The external criterion (objective variable) for the first model was taken as the number of repairs done on the water pipe while that for the later model was taken as the amount of water leakage. The descriptive variables of the models were taken as the qualityof the pipeline material, the presence or absence of outside covering, topographic features, andother factors. We then proceeded to describe how two different diagnostic results could be used insetting up plans to improve the pipeline as demonstrated by detailed practical examples. As a result, it became clear that diagnoses by the proposed models are helpful in improving the safety of pipelines by identifying which parts shall be given priority attention as determined in consideration of accident risk and which are also arrived at using leakage risk approach and the assessment models also prove effective in pipe replacement activities.

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Official Development Assistance (ODA) evaluation is important for securing accountability and improving the quality ODA. This study focuses attention on evaluation of sustainability, which is one of the Development Assistance Committee's five evaluation criteria (DAC5), for water supply projects. In many donor agencies, sustainability is evakiated from the aspect of “sustenance of effects”. However, another important aspect of sustainability is “development of effects”, which may be defined as the ability of ODA recipient projects to independently improve project effects to a higher stage to meet the needs of beneficiaries. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop an evaluation method for sustainability of water supply projects that considers both aspects of sustenance and development. Field surveys were conducted on water supply projects in three provincial cities in the Philippines. An evaluation framework with quantitative indicators was developed and applied to the projects surveyed.

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In developing countries, many people cannot access improved water. Although many water supply projects have been implemented by ODA, household water consumption is limited, and in rural areas untreated water is supplied. Authors surveyed ODA funded water supply projects in six developing countries from 2000 to 2006. The objective of this study is to clarify factors that influence water usage in twelve areas in four countries where measured water consumption data and water tariffs were collected. The results showed that water consumption was influenced by water tariff structure, not by income directly. Especially the mode of household's consumption is most influenced by water tariff. Authors focused on the mode of household's consumption. As house connection service charge is relatively expensive in developing countries than in developed countries, consumers in surveyed areas try to save water considering the water tariff. Small-scale irrigation is allowed at 2 projects with low charge in rural and local urban areas. The results of this study can be applied in setting tariffs with consideration of stable management, efficient management, equity and the poor.

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This paper estimates the benefits of pastureland conservation in Mongolia using the contingent valuation method. Herders' willingness to pay (WTP) to improve water supply to expand usable pastureland areas is measured. Mongolia has experienced pastureland degradation because of livestock density near the wells; the decrease in the number of wells encourages herders to concentrate on the remaining wells. Their WTP per year for one additional hand-dug well is investigated and the effect compared with the current situation with available wells. The results show that installing wells for conserving pastureland can be a promising approach to combating desertification

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The regional development strategy of China was converted from “Coast regional priority development strategy” to “Regional balance development strategy” in 1999. Under this strategy, Northwest China was planned to be the energy production base for local development and supplying power to the Beijing economic bloc. However, the lack of the water resource obstructs the construction of the energy production base. With this background, it is expected to achieve regional development by implementation of “Reallocation of Water Right” policy with reallocation of resources, including electric power. This study examined the resource allocation system in “Reallocation of Water Right” and calculated the volume of translatable water. Then the possibility of regional development in “Reallocation of Water Right” was analyzed. As a result, “Reallocation of Water Right” policy is effective to the provincial development. And it was clarified that the inter-provinces resources allocation is more economically effective than within one province.

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This study clarifies the relation between potential demand and supply of water resources in urban areas. Five areas with different activity characteristics designated case studies in Nogawa river. Result of analysis showed that, in case of rainwater supply system, only in residential area (a house type) potential demand and quality is filled, it is highly possible that it's positioned source of supply in groundwater recharge. On the other hand, large-scale park area doesn't supply enough water resources to fill a demand in urban areas. Therefore, It's preferable to arrange water supply from areas around.

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This study is made to consider the suitable management on the watershed based agricultural environmental loading which is not negligible compared with others sectors. In order to find out feasible linkage of economic development and environmental conservation in the watershed level, we quantify migration pathways of water pollutant and production inducement in sectoral, regional scales, to resolve their inter-sectoral and inter-regional interactions. Therefore watershed based inter-regional input-output tables are estimated and the embodied COD emission intensity is calculated. Furthermore we examine input structure change accompanied by environmentally conscious rice agriculture and discuss its effect and the significance of inter-regional trading on the watershed eco-efficiency andgoods production.

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Material needs are being satisfied until now, so fullness of Quality Of Life (QOL) will be important issues. In this paper, we build computable general equilibrium model considered location equilibrium in which the concept of QOL is introduced. Concretely, present level of QOL is assessed quantitatively by applying Hedonic Approach, parameters of household utility function is estimated from result of Hedonic Approach and the public investment distribution for improvement of QOL is argued. From the result of analysis, because of generating the surplus loss of household when investing by burdening tax, it was clarified that optimal public investment level is existed. And the level of QOL ateach zone was also measured in those cases.

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It is a popular definition that the sum of non use values which are evaluated by a stated preference method, and use values which are evaluated by a revealed preference method define as the total value of an environmental quality. However, there are some problems when we use this definition. A main problem is that it is ambiguous the sum of values is exactly equal to the total value because there are possibility that a non use value, which is evaluated by a stated preference method, includes a use value because of biases in a stated preference method. Thus, sometimes the sum is over the exact value.
The purpose of this study is to construct a method of combining revealed and stated preference method under the multiple destination trips. The first argument is to define the mathematical formulation of benefits under the multiple destination trips. The second argument is to consider the estimation method.

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It is necessary to comprehend traffic environment load of commercial sector for the purpose of reviewing policies concerning convenience of geographical location and urban layout. With presumed CO₂ estimate equation in freight/passenger transportation, there are following problems: CO₂ discharges in freight/passenger transportation cannot be compared, the actual transport condition is not represented, and also the convenience of commercial institution geographical location is not considered. This study proposes equation to estimate CO₂ emissions caused by transportation to/from themarket. It considers the convenience of commercial institution geographical location, the place of residence and traffic of a buyer, and the actual condition of the merchandise distribution. Case studies wereconducted on two different type markets located in Kurashiki city.

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Municipalities need quantitative information that spans decades in order to address environmental issues effectively. We have developed a tool to estimate a snapshot of socio-economic condition and environmental load quantitatively and consistently. Based on assumptions of futuresociety, it calculates socio-economic index such as production and transport demand. Given those index and assumptions of utilized technologies, it estimates environmental load. Treating more than one environmental load by identical framework, the tool also can respond various issues which a municipalityfaces. We also have applied the tool to Shiga prefecture with three environmental targets, GHG emission, nutrient influent to Lake Biwa and final disposal of waste. In the snapshot, all the targets are met inthe year 2030. This tool will contribute to make the discussion about long term environmental plan more efficient and effective.

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This study proposes the application method for evaluating integrated environmentalefficiency using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Inverted DEA that can deal with multiple inputs and outputs data. It becomes possible for identifying the optimal strategy for the inefficiency enterprise by using this analysis. We analyze and compare 11 automobile manufacturing companies in Japan for the 5 year period from 2001 to 2005. The dataset consists of total sales as market variable and the amount of chemical substances discharged which are registered in PRTR and the CO₂ emissions as environmental variables. We find that most of companies have improved the integrated environmental efficiency year by year. In particular, it is also found that relatively better performance on CO₂ emission control leads higher score in integrated environmental efficiency.

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Nowadays, companies are required to integrate risk management and environmental management in order to ensure business continuity and sustainability. Based on a questionnaire survey and correlation analysis, this paper analyzed the relationships between risk management and environmental management. The results suggested that the significant correlation could be identified through product chain management based on lifecycle thinking and regular communication with stakeholders.

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This paper discusses the state of the art of chemical risk assessment and management with the special interest to the industry environment system. Through literature survey, the research stream and topics are discussed and identified for the purpose of clarifying the setting priority area. The author presents the way of prioritization of research area through this analysis. Finally, all the discussed items are put in order and the scenario of prioritization of research is described.

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The numbers of the municipalities developing artificial streams (seseragi) with reclaimed wastewater are increasing in Japan. For example, “Yawata-no Mori Hotaru-no Sato” was developed to enhance the environment where firefly can survive and to encourage environmental activities at Tadotsu Town, Kagawa Prefecture. The questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate multiple benefits of seseragi with reclaimed wastewater using conjoint analysis. As a result, benefits of the preservation of aquatic ecosystems, the securing of a safe contact to water, the maintaining of landscape, and the encouraging of environmental activities were estimated at 4, 419 yen, 1, 375 yen, 4, 094 yen and 918yen per household annually. And total benefit of “Yawata-no Mori Hotaru-no Sato” was estimated about 150 milion yen annually.

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We proposed a new comprehensive evaluation index for the water and sewage systems including preservation of global environment, soundness of water cycle of a basin, stability and safety of water service and performed this evaluation in a model basin. The result of this comprehensive evaluation indicated that the recirculation of treated waste water to upstream was the best option among the five scenarios evaluated in this study. Also, decentralized water and sewage systems were found to be most effective for the prevention of global warming.

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This study evaluated the function of a model treatment facility for drainage from an urban area.The facility, which is located in Kusatsu-city, Shiga Prefecture, is a multiple treatment facility for storm water runoff and consists of storage and sedimentation tank, contact aeration tank, vegetation bed, and soil penetration tank. The removal efficiency of pollutants in each of these four components of the facility was investigated quantitatively. Focusing on unit cost for pollutant load reduction in terms of T-COD, T-N and T-P, cost benefit analysis for sewerage works was undertaken to facilitate overall evaluation of the facility.

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In this study, we analyzed the effect of household attributes and individual attributes on the environmental load generation using the family income and expenditure survey. Based on this analysis, the Population and household dynamic model and the environmental load generation Bottom-up model reflecting the household attributes and the individual attributes were developed. Using these models, the environmental load generation in Japan from 1985 to 2050 was estimated. The result shows that the past energy consumption changes are strongly affected by the birth-cohort change. The future energy consumption changes are affected by the population change, the household consumption change, and the birth-cohort change.

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Recently, the term of “local environmental power” is paid to attention. That is the consciousness and ability of maintaining and creating a good environment by uniting local residents together, in order to form a sustainable community. However, at present it is difficult to quantitatively measure and compare with other communities because “local environmental power” was formed by effectively utilize unique characters of individual community and still stays the vague concept. Therefore, in this study, the questionnaire survey was carried out at the residential area “Hibikino” located in the Kitakyushu Science and Research Park. Covariance structure analysis was conducted based on the results, and the formation factor model of “local environmental power” of Hibikino was obtained. Thereby, it turned out that community activity and individual motivation have big influence on formation of “local environmental power”.

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For realization of “sustainable development”, underlying concept of environmental conservation today, impartial judgment to the elements of human society, economy and environment is indispensable and it is no exception about sound envirotunent. For the fair judgment, it is extremely important to point out knowledge management specifically because effective application of it supports decision-making information sharing and reutilization, consensus building and so on. In this study, drawing upon SEC1 model which is the cycle of knowledge construction and sharing, socialized knowledge (specialists, mediation cases and public comments) was obtained and firm it knowledge management model was structured with the adoption of data mining and ontology engineering method (extemalkition), and combined it with existing knowledge as Assessmenr and Management method, and considered the internalization of the knowledge of sustainability.

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Iron is one of the essential materials for industries and consumers in modernized society. On the other hand, steel industry is the largest energy consuming industry in the world and one of the mostimportant sources of CO2 emissions. Thus, the projection of iron supply and demand is valuable consideringlobal warming. Though the information about steel is published by IISI etc., no statistics and articles have revealed global iron supply, demand, flows and stock including the iron contained in commodities. As this background, we developed the “Global Iron and Steel Account Table” which is the basic information for projecting the future iron supply and demand. Moreover, we estimated the iron flows under the accounting system. We used the estimation method proposed by Fujimori et al.(2005) for the estimation. In this article, we show the global iron flows in 2001 and analysis of the data. We mainly looked at three points in this database as followings. First is that we could categorize the regions based on the net imports and exports of commodities and we can see the structure of international division of labor. For example, Japan and Germany are the net exporter of both of steel and final commodities. On the other hand US and UK are the net importer. The second is that each region's iron accumulation has direct relationship with GDP. It means that increase of GDP can accelerate the increase of accumulations at any countries. The third is that when it comes to the trade of iron scrap, developed countries and the former USSR are net exporters and developing countries, especially Asian countries, are the net importers.

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This paper proposes what effective climate change adaptation policies in developing countries should be, based on the recognition that it is essential to mainstream adaptation into developing policiesand to arrange adaptation scheme into the frameworkn the Koto Protocol appropriately.
In order to mainstream adaptation into development policies, it is useful to take measures such as capacity enhancement, WIN-WIN policies and consideration of adaptation into the environment assessment guidelines established by MDBs.
In order to establish adaptation scheme beyond 2012, it is effective to enhance sectoral and regional initiatives and pannetships, and to creat incentives by developed countries to suppott adaptation measures in developing countries.

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A scheme was developed to estimate the change in national water resources under climate change. Using a distributed global hydrological model, 252 sets of simulation were conducted shifting temperature from -5 to +15 degree Celsius, and precipitation from -75% to +200% from current climate, and a database of national water resources under climate change was developed. The scheme requires little computational resources, because it just needs to refer the database. Therefore, it is suited to couple with climate change policy support models in which climate condition varies quite frequently. The output of this scheme agrees well with that of the original detailed model with an uncertainty of±20%.

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Several scenarios for tradable permit system with/without considering water quality change in the watershed were examined by a simulation model of trading the permits among sewage treatment plants in the Tokyo Bay Watershed. Cost saving effect by installing tradable permit system in the whole watershed was estimated between 40 to 60 % for all scenarios. Utilization of “discharged load” from plants for assigned pollutant load was more cost-effective than utlization of “reached load” to the Bay, which includes water quality change in the watershed after its discharge. On the other hand, utilization of “reached load” for trading permits was more cost effective than utilization of “discharged load”.

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The soil erosion at farmland becomes serious impact on the ecosystem in the coral reef in Okinawa district. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to build a support system for the integration of the measures in a river basin. This paper examines the social marketing research using the internet of watershed management for the support system as follows, 1) the interest for the crisis of the coral reef at Yaeyama Islands, 2) the intention to offer a fund for preservation of the coral reef, 3) the linkage of the tourism and the preservation of coral reef.

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In this research, we proposed a management framework for coping with the contamination in public water areas such as rivers and lakes due to chemical compound leakage to soil and ground water in their watershed. As a fundamental tool for the management, we developed the system of making a simulationbased map of substance flows transported by ground water around a public water area. The map enables river administrators to appropriately take various measures in both a precaution stage and a stage after a leakage.

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In this study, the authors tried to capture the picture, functions and traditional maintenance practices of old Shonakano-ko, which is said to be the first attached lake reclaimed in Shiga, with a view to restoring the lake. As a result, in addition to Benten-naiko (a part of Shonakano-ko) reported in the previous paper, birds, shellfishes, and fishes most likely inhabiting Iba-naiko (the other part of Shonakano-ko) were identified for its environmental formation function. Moreover, it was revealed that humic soil called “Sukumo” and waterweeds in the lake bottom were made use of for alternative fuels in winter and green manure for arable lands, respectively, and traditional maintenance practices were thus illustrated partly.

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The ayu is one of the most important fish for fishery in Japan so that it is necessary to conduct the environmental assessment before construction of the hydraulic structures in the river. Some parameters such as hydraulics and water quality may influence on habitability for the ayu. However, it is not known that what kind of parameter is effective on habitability for the ayu. In this study, a statistical analysis, such as a cluster analysis and principal component regression analysis, was conducted by using of 42 Aclass river data. As a result, the haul of ayu can be predicted from the hydraulics and water quality. It was found that 14mg/L (SS) and 3mg/L (BOD) were the limitations of habitat condition for the ayu.

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Urban nonpoint pollutant sources are considered to have a great influence on receiving water, because micro toxic substances like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are exhausted from automobiles, etc. As most stonnwater from the urban nonpoint sources is discharged into the receiving water through stormwater drainages, it is important to know pollutant behavior in runoff process and its impact on ecosystem in the water body. The objective of this study is to survey standing stock and behavior of urban nonpoint pollutants in their runoff process. It also aims at examining an ecological impact of the urban pollution on the receiving water. From the surveys on the standing stock and behavior, differences in content ratio of pollutants in urban sediments from their sources to receiving water were shown. And, from the examination on the ecological impacts, ecological toxicity of the urban sediments for Chirvnomus yoshimatsui was shown. As a result, some significant knowledge for the environmental management of urban pollution has been obtained.

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The possibility of a flotation system using magnesium compounds was applied to raw water containing phytoplankton with high pH value of water and to examine the removal efficiency of phytoplankton particles, ammonia, nitrogen and phosphoric acid. The results were as follows; Firstly, it is possible to use magnesium chloride as coagulant for the solid-liquid separation. Secondly, zeta potential of M. aeruginosa and kaolin were observed to charge neutralization on their surface by adhesion of magnesium hydroxide precipitation with increasing pH. Thirdly, removal efficiency of NH₃-N and PO₄-P were observed as 17% and 90%, respectively.

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This paper focuses on an evaluation system for municipal solid waste recycling strategies with the consideration of local environmental policy options and the industrial collaborations for conversion technologies. MSW recycling strategies in Kawasaki City are planned based on the options on the types of wastes to be circulated especially by local manufacturing industries and the numbers of incineration plants. It is identified that paper, steel and cement industries located in Kawasaki Eco-town can recycle mix papers, waste container and packaging plastics, methane fermentation residues and incineration ashes. Eight future policy scenarios in 2015 are planned, and environmental impacts of local recycling ratio, quantity of landfilled incineration ashes and CO₂ emissions are evaluated. The results showed that, in maximum, local recycling ratio can increase by 10%, landfilled incineration ashes can have a reduction of 13 thousand ton, and 53 thousand ton of CO₂ emissions can be reduced annually.

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This paper discusses how much regional social capital (RSC) has been used in municipal solid waste management from the view point of efficiency. In a recycling-based society, it is necessary that the local governments use RSC. The efficiency is analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis: DEA. 47 capitals in Japanese prefectures are chosen as case study cities. The following results are obtained: The RSC is not always used for main management capacity. Even if RSC is rich, the contribution of RSC doesn't always increase. Otherwise the cities: big populations have high contribution of RSC. Especially the contribution of RSC increases for the cities: 0.5-1 million populations alter adopting 3R policies in 2000.

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