This paper measures quantitative answers using a E3ME macro econometric model for the question “What kinds of impacts do early phasing-out of coal fired power and nuclear power plants on Japanese economy, power generation mix and CO₂ emissions in 2050?” Model simulation results show almost no negative impacts on the economy in either scenario, chiefly due to the assumed ongoing reduction in cost of renewable energy generation, as well as lack of burden on the economy in the event it replaces existing coal and nuclear power plants. Total estimated reduction in CO₂ emissions in 2050 associated with phasing out coal-fired power plants is 50％ compared to 2017. But this reduction falls far short of the level of Japanese 80％ GHG reduction target in 2050. This is believed to be caused by nuclear and coal fired power being replaced by LNG fired power rather than renewable energy.

Japan's Final Disposal Act, enacted in 2000, stipulated geological disposal for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW), but the issue still attracts limited social interest. We asked why it is difficult to raise social interest in HLW geological disposal, and conducted a series of three community meetings between citizens and experts to measure changes in citizens' preferences with questionnaires. We analyzed the policy preferences of citizens in terms of the four factors of social acceptance (technical, institutional, market, community). Yamada et al. (2019) analyzed a one-way community meeting. The results show that citizens' policy preferences change is limited, and citizens' policy preferences is related not only to the technical factors but also to the social aspects such as institutional factors. In this article, we compared the series of three community meetings. The results show that technical and institutional factors were highly correlated with citizens' policy preferences, and the characteristics of related factors.

This study focuses on the carbon-related analysis of investment portfolios, an approach that has been developed by practitioners in recent years. A comprehensive review of the relevant literature reveals four stages in the development history of carbon-related analysis to date: concept formation, voluntary disclosure, TCFD compliance, and new indicator development. The objectives of conducting carbon-related analysis, the proposed indicators, and the challenges in conducting the analysis are also reviewed. There are two different objectives: to improve investment performance and to create environmental impact. The indicators vary from GHG emissions-based indicators to monetary value and temperature-based indicators. The study also identified a number of practical issues for institutional investors in conducting carbon-related analysis.