This study aimed to investigate the effects of a dual-task（DT）intervention on the cognitive function and activities of daily living in elderly people with dementia. A total of 40 elderly dementia patients who used a day-care service were given a single motor task for three months, following which a cognitive-motor DT was added. The results showed that the Mini-Mental State Examination（MMSE）, Geriatric Depression Scale（GDS）, and Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence（TMIG-IC）declined in the pre-post comparisons for the single motor task intervention. However, in comparison to the pre- and post-DT training, DT walking, Loco-Check, Fall Risk Index, MMSE, GDS, Barthel Index, and TMIG-IC improved. Our results suggest the effectiveness of a DT intervention in elderly people with dementia.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between generativity, group identification with Chunichi Dragons（CD）, a professional baseball team in Japan, and willingness to watch a professional baseball game at a stadium, in middle-aged and older CD fans. An online survey was conducted and data from 601 fans（453 men, 146 women, and 2 others; average age 54.48±7.85 years）living in three Tokai prefectures（Aichi, Gifu, and Mie）were collected. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that generativity was positively related to group identification with CD, and group identification with CD was associated with willingness to watch a professional baseball game at a stadium, but the association of generativity with willingness to watch a baseball game at a stadium was not significant. For middle-aged and older CD fans, it was suggested that the development of generativity did not directly promote game-watching willingness, but might influence professional baseball-watching willingness through the enhancement of group identification.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of single-person households and married-couple households by classifying day-care center rehabilitation users according to household structure and gender, and comparing their physical and mental functions. The following characteristics were found in the comparison of measurements by household structure.Elderly persons in single-person households showed significantly lower grip strength and skeletal muscle mass. Elderly persons living in married-couple households were significantly more likely to be cognitively impaired and to require nursing care. Married-couple households were found to be significantly more likely to have cognitive decline and to require nursing care. The results of the comparison of each measurement by gender showed that grip strength and skeletal muscle mass were significantly lower in females than in males. Grip strength was lower than the national average for men in the couple-only households, and skeletal muscle mass met the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia for both men and women in both households. These results suggest that intervention against sarcopenia is necessary in day-care center rehabilitation regardless of household structure. In addition, since many married-couple households are cognitively impaired and require nursing care, it is necessary to pay attention to rapid changes in the patient's condition and the caregiver's burden.

To clarify the characteristics of leisure activities of oldest old, we examined the relationships between gender, region, residence forms, and leisure activity of older adults. Subjects for analysis were 2566 community-dwellers（1262 men and 1304 women, 78.6 ± 7.8 years old）who participated in the SONIC study. Binomial logistic regression analyses were conducted by each age group with gender, region, and residence forms as independent variables, with participation in 12 types of leisure activities as dependent variables. "Religious activities" and "rest and relax" were the most common in the 90-year-old group compared to other age groups. Common relationships of leisure activities with gender or with the regions were confirmed for all age groups. On the other hand, regarding the relationship with residence forms, different characteristics were found, and in the oldest old, living with a spouse or family member was associated with lower rates of participation in specific types of activities such as “experiential activities” and “travel.”

The main job forms at the Silver Human Resources Center（SHRC）are contracting and delegation. These forms have limitations on the job accident prevention system, such as no obligation for health management. In this study, we identified issues with the job accident prevention system in SHRC and explored ways to improve them. We conducted focus group interviews involving safety and health management practitioners（including workers, safety committee members, and office staff）from two SHRCs in Tokyo. The results were categorized into four categories: “safety and health education,” “health management,” “work management,” and “work environment management,” which are basic concepts of occupational health and safety. We confirmed that there are limitations on intervention due to job forms such as contracting and delegation and that there are potential differences in awareness regarding education among the three safety and health management practitioners. Possible solutions include job crafting to consider members’ current resources and work methods at the time of job provision, assigning safety committee members by job type, and selecting them from among veteran members.

The purpose of this study was to identify the objects of gratitude in older adults. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 community-dwelling older adults. A qualitative content analysis was conducted using two frameworks:（1）The objects of gratitude that occurs in interpersonal relationships, and（2）the objects of gratitude that occurs in non-personal relationships from previous research.　Six categories were identified in the first framework, including "care received as a child," "connections with loved ones from the past to the present," "support for the self," "support for the family," "presence of important people," and "being able to help others." Five categories were identified in the second framework, including "good living environment," "good physical and mental condition," "difficult experiences for one’s self," "invisible existence," and "All I have received in my life." We found that older adults’ objects of gratitude expanded from themselves to the benefits of others, and from individual events and environments related to themselves to their entire lives. It suggests that various factors such as altruism and the development of psychosocial aspects are influencing the objects of gratitude in older adults.