Numerous studies on the spatial pattern of Tokyo metropolitan area and its change have been done mainly by urban geographers and urban sociologists. However, most of the previous studies were not sufficiently able to capture the spatial pattern since they chiefly analyzed data aggregated by administrative unit. The purpose of this study is to reexamine the spatial pattern of occupational structure and its changes in Tokyo metropolitan area using grid square statistics and to explore the background of the changes in the spatial patterns considering the demographic shift between 1995 and 2005.
The results show that the spatial pattern of occupational structure based on the spatial unit of municipality has shifted from a sectoral pattern to a concentric one, which is approximately consistent with the previous studies in urban sociology. A similar spatial pattern was observed in the result of the analysis with grid square statistics in the zone within a radius of 15 kilometers from central Tokyo and the outer fringe of the metropolitan area. This can be due to a centripetal movement of white-collar workers owing to the increase of housing supply in downtown Tokyo. However, the result based on grid square statistics indicated a radial pattern along railroads in the zone between 15 kilometers and 30 kilometers from the central Tokyo. In addition, segregation by occupational structure according to the distance from railroads has become prominent in the suburbs. This trend, which is hard to be captured by analyzing data aggregated by administrative unit, implies that not only residential segregation but also social polarization has progressed in the suburb of Tokyo.

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In this study, we discussed on the characteristics of landform and its change in Uminonakamichi, Fukuoka Prefecture from the elevation change estimated by the laser data in 2002 and 2007, a relief map made by the laser data in 2007, NDVI using the satellite data in 2006 and the field surveys.
The study area can be classified into 7 landforms; sand beach, coastal cliff, flat surface, dune 1, dune 2, dune 3 and parabolic dune on the basis of the relief map.
In the area S, where NDVI is less than 0, geomorphic processes in the 5 years from 2002 to 2007 were clarified. The first is that coastal current from northeast to southwest erodes existing dunes and it develops coastal cliffs and sand beaches. The second is that northern monsoon develops new dunes in the lee side of the coastal cliffs. The dune developing process is affected by the ability in interruption to sand moving and capture of sand at the forestation area.
In the area S, the elevation decreased more than 5 meters and increased more than 4 meters during the 5 years. The character of the elevation change indicates that there are the small area of coastal cliff with the larger decreasing of elevation and the large area of sand dune or sand beach with the smaller increasing of elevation. The averages of the elevation change were +0.61 meter at dune 1, +0.44 meter at sand beach, +0.15 meter at flat surface and －0.86 meter at coastal cliff.
The relationship between NDVI and elevation change indicates that the pine forests at dune 1 caught a large amount of sand and that coastal cliff changed into sand beach by headward erosion.

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This paper examined changing spatial patterns of internal migrations in Thailand over the past two decades by analyzing net migration data provided by the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB).
This study found the following Characteristics of internal migrations. The North region and the Northeast region are continuously served as the suppliers of emigrants. Most of them tended to move to the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). In addition, the number of immigrants to the East region and the Central region considerably increased. This tendency can be interpreted as an expansion of metropolitan areas from the BMR to the Extended Bangkok Metropolitan Region (EBMR). EBMR consists of not only the BMR but also a part of the Central region and the East region. However, most of primary inter-prefectural migrations directed toward to Bangkok. This indicated that pull factors of Bangkok are still strong. Some prefectures have a feature as center of their region, but pull factors of them are very weaker than Bangkok.

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