This study elucidates the activities and issues of cooling behavior in diverse departments of Kumagaya City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, which is characterized by a hot environment. Results were derived from a questionnaire survey conducted in the city. The departments were divided into four groups based on the role and achievement of role degrees of their cooling behavior. In department groups with low role degrees of the cooling behavior, raising citizen awareness is a major role, especially when the achievement degrees are also low. Cooperation with citizens is a difficult issue in groups with high and low degrees of roles and achievements. Moreover, in departments with no roles, these departments desire the assignment of roles. Therefore, establishing a partnership with citizens is an extensive agenda and the cooling behavior is crucial in diverse working departments of Kumagaya City.

　This study investigated the establishment process of a village farming corporation and factors contributing to the survival of regional agriculture in Daisen City, Akita Prefecture, Japan. Agriculture in Daisen City has been organized in agricultural villages as units since the 1970s to increase agricultural income. The quantity of village farming corporations have been increasing in recent years, particularly in Nakasen town, where the number of village farming corporations, based on agricultural villages, has been growing due to increased recipients of farmland. The N corporation, the subject of this study, was established to restructure regional agriculture in response to the decline in rice prices, and the stringent rice production adjustments that apply since the 2000s. An establishment of the N corporation enabled the efficient allocation of labor and farmland between the land-use and labor-intensive sectors of agriculture, respectively. The successor generation was leaving the village for employment in other industries, but the N corporation countered it by creating year-round employment opportunities, which initiative secured agricultural successors. Securing successors is difficult in a farming system as it consists of part-time farm households and voluntary organizations. An establishment of the N corporation restructured regional agriculture strategically.