In Japan, nurse and care worker candidates are accepted from Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam based on Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA).　After arriving in Japan, they expect to pass the national examination while working in hospitals and elderly care facilities.　After passage of more than a decade since the acceptance of EPA nurse and care worker candidates, regional differences have become apparent in the number of candidates and the number of those who have passed the Japanese national examination.　This study was conducted to consider the acceptance of EPA nurse candidates as an important issue related to geographical conditions for the training of professional personnel, and to clarify some regional trends.　After the authors selected the Tokyo metropolitan area as a study area, operators and EPA nurse candidates working in host hospitals were interviewed to elicit response data for these analyses.　Results clarified that EPA nurse candidates were concentrated in the Tokyo metropolitan area, making it an effective region for foreign nurse training:(1) major hospital groups have efficiently expanded the acceptance of candidates and supporting candidates in recent years based on the proximity of affiliated hospitals;(2) learning support for candidates is offered by local governments to promote internationalization and international exchange;(3) various learning resources, religious facilities, and ethnic businesses have accumulated to support the candidates;and (4) good mobility is available by public transportation.

　In this study, the process and primary factors for the introduction and conversion of large-scale dry field farming areas by mid-scale management groups into an intensive agriculture system, as a case for the adoption of production areas for globalization, were clarified and the social and economic significance of such activity was considered.　In 1990, intensive agriculture for lily production was introduced to Koshimizu-town, Hokkaido.　This was a business operations choice to procure the bulb of the Netherlands product through the distributor, and introduce a new marketing framework involving a production management system for non-food agricultural products which differed from that for conventional products, leading to measures to ease bulb importation.　Regarding the economic effect of lily production within dry field collective farming by a mid-scale management group, one point was its function as a risk management method to compensate the livelihood of the farmers.　In bulb production areas, the group managed a sightseeing lily garden in order to attract tourists to the town, while in the cut flower area, the decreasing tendency in the number of farmers slowed, and management could be maintained.　On the other hand, the mid-scale management group was affected by price fluctuations and changes in the production area, and so discontinued organizational initiatives and withdrew from cut flower production in its process toward management differentiation and farm exit.　The social significance of the approaches for these two areas was the adding of real value to Koshimizu Town (whose town flower is the Lilium pensylvanicum) as a local industry, and contributing to the positive image of the town.　These approaches utilized local characteristics by various management groups are some possibility of raising the added value of the area from aspects other than the “food base”.

　With a shrinking population, falling birthrate and an aging society, regional governments hope to increase the numbers of tourists and visitors.　Sendai City, with a population of over one million people, is the largest metropolis in the Tohoku region.　However, it is not considered rich in resources for attracting tourism.

　The purpose of visitors to Sendai City can generally falls under one of two categories:sightseeing, including history, nature and food, and utilization of urban resources, including business, shopping, sports, and so on.　The main purpose of visiting to Sendai city depends on a place of residence and visitors stayed in Sendai city are drawn mainly from the region in which they are found.

　It is necessary for increasing the numbers of tourists and visitors to carry out effective promotion and effort to lengthen the staying time in their area.

　Jigokudani Crater is located at the altitude of 2,100m a.s.l. in the subalpine zone of northern area of the Yatsugatake volcanic chain （Kita-Yatsugatake）.　The relations between seasonal crater lake appearance and ground-ice development under the algific environment of talus slope in the crater were observed through 6 years from 2009 to 2014.　The crater lake appeared during more than two months in early summer of 2010, 2012 and 2014 and ground-ice disappeared in autumn in each year except 2014.　On the other hand, perennial ground-ice was formed in 2009, 2011, 2013 and maintained until next summer, and crater lake appeared.　These periodic phenomena suggest that the appearance of crater lake depends on the frozen ground as an impermeable layer represented by ground-ice which was maintained from former year.