The chemical structure of chlorampheeicol, D-threo-1-paranitrophenly-2-dichloro-acetoamido-1, 3-propanediol suggests a certain relation between the metabolism of chloramphenicol and amino acids, especially phenylalanie and tyrosine. Wooley and otherst indicated that abovementioned two amino acids seem to be utlized for the formation of chlaramphenicol molecule. As previously reported by Umezawa and others, though carbon sources with optimum amount of sodium chloride seriously influence on the production, the addition of such a substance as meat extract, yeast or wheatbran is necessary to get the high potency broth. In meat extract, yeast and wheatbran there seem to be some substances utilized for the formation of chloramphenicol molecule.
For the purpose of clearing the intermediate course of chloramphenicol formation, amino acids in the broth were examined by paper partition chromatography during, fermentation. Their changes were various according to varieties of the composition of the medium. However, if the medium contained phenylalanine or tyrosine, then these two amino acids had been always rapidly consumed, before chloramphenicol was detected. Thereafter the effects of various amino acids on chloramphenicol production were examined. Phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine, lysine, leucine, norvaline and α-amino-butyric acid were found to promote the production. Moreover the methionine increased the promoting effect of phenylalanine.
In the present paper changes of amino acids during fermentation and influences of these amino acids on the production are described.

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It has been known already that the antituberculous activity of p-aminosalicylic acid is antagonized by p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) (1, 2, 3) . On the other hand, the antituberculous activity of streptomycin and tibione is said to be unaffected by PABA, (4) . Since Okamoto and his coworkers described the antimycobacterial properties of o-aminophenol, this compound has undergone laboratory and clinical investigation (5, 6, 7, 3, 9, 10) . The purposes of the experiments described in this paper are to show that PABA and anthranilic acid do not affect the activity of o-aminophenol. In addition, experimental results bearing on the influence of PABA on the activity of streptomycin, p-aminosalicylic acid and tibione will also be presented.

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The morphology of the cercaria of Paragonimus westermanii had been described on several occasions by various Japanese authors, i. e. Yoshida (1917), Nakagawa (1918), Ando (1918), Kobayashi (1918) and Yokogawa et Wakeshima (1934) . However, their bdescription was more or less lacking details. Recently Yamaguti (1943) described it more precisely with special attention to its excretory system. According to him, its flame cell pattern represents 30 pairs, arranging in ten 3-pairs on each side of the body. He also recognized the sensory hairs but made no descriptions of their details. On the other hand, Ameel (1934) found, 31 pairs of flame dells and stated that no difinite pattern could be determined on the cercaria of Paragonimus in America. He also described no sensory hairs. In the following summer of 1950 we had the opportunity for making its more detailed observation, of which results are described in the following chapter.

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Since it was revealed that the causative agent for. the murine and epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, Rocky Mountain Spotted fever, trech fever and other diseases of similar character were all of rickettsial diseases, an attempt has been made to establish the agglutination test with each homologous rickettsia as an antigen not only for the specific diagnosis (1, 2) and differentiation (3, 4) but also for the study on the antigenic structure (3, 5) of each rickettsia.
In earlier days, the antigen for rickettsia agglutination test (R.A.T.) was prepared from the following materials, emulsion of eggs (1) from the infected ticks with Ricket-tsia (R.) rickettsii, each emulsion of the intestines (2, 3, 5, 7, 8) of the infected lice with each R. prowazekii, R. typhi and R. quintana, peritoneal washing (7) of the white rats in-fected with typhus fever, suspension of slide cell culture (10) with R. prowazekii, and emul-sion Of infected lung tissue (9, 11, 19) of mice or rats with typhus fever. And the judgement was made under microscope (1, 2, 4, 14, 16) on the preparates stained by Giemsa's solution. However it was noted that these methods did not afford a satisfactory result.
In 1932, Zinsser (3) has designed a special capillary test-tubes charged with 0.025 cc. each of the antigen and the test serum placed in a water bath at 40°C. for 2 to 5 hours and left standing in an ice-chamber overnight for inspection by naked eyes on the agglutination. Since then such process (4, 5, 7, 8) and modified method (11) have been in practice by workers in despite of much difficulties in preparation of the antigen before Cox (6) has, in 1938, published of his yolk sac culture method to result in an abundantt harvest much easily of pure rickettsia-body.
The remarkable progress has thus been made in R.A.T, when Plotz (12) reported of the method of reading macroscopically the agglutination of rickettsia antigen pre-pared by Cox-Craigie's method, namely, 0.25 cc, of the antigen mixed with the same amount of the serum to be tested in test-tubes in the way similar to the Widals test with Salmonella typhi, incubated at 42°C. for 4 hours and left standing in an ice-chamber (4°C) for 16 to 18 hours and then read by naked eyes. This method requires too much amount of the antigen to be in practice generally by the physician, therefore, a simplified orientating method on slide-glasses with a loopful amount of the antigen was recommended by Fitz-Patrick (21), Castaneda (9) and Kitaoka (20) .
Furthermore the attempt was made by us to quantitative estimations of R. A. T. with each two-fold dilution of the test serum by mixing with the equal amount of thee antigen as minimal as a drop on a hollow slide-glass and read the result by naked eyes to differentiate the typhus fever group from the other acute infectious diseases, as well as the epidemic typhus from the murine.

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In 1933 Mitamura and Yamada (1) first pointed out that there was some correlation between the occurrence of mosquitoes and the outbreak of Japanese B encephalitis (JBB) epidemic in Okayama and reached the conclusion that JBE might be transmitted b Y mosquitoes on the basis both of the epidemiology of JBE and the entomological survey in Okayama in the epidemic season. This hypothesis was then supported by many evidences on the fundamental experiments since 1935 (2) . In other words JBE virus was isolated from mosquitoes collected in nature in Okayama mixed with Culex tritaeniorhynchus and C. pipiens var. pallens, and seven species of mosquitoes, C. tritaeniorhynchus, C. pipiens var. porllens, Aedes japonicus, A. togoi, A. albopictus, Armigeres oblurbans and Anopheles hyrcanus sinensis which were found very commonly in Japan in the summer season were able to transmit JBE virus experimentally in mice and in a few monkeys. Furthermore the results obtained in the experiment on the distribution of virus in the body of artificially infected mosquitoes with JBE virus in favor of the mosquito theory, namely, it has been made clear that the virus multiplied mainly in the salivary gh nd but not in midgut or Malpighi's canal (3) . Well the mosquito theory was understood to be established first by the theoretical assumption independently on the foreign worker and then by the experimental basis.
The seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes in nature throughout the year in Okayama and the relationship between the infectivity of the mosquito with JBE virus and the outbreak of epidemic had been investigated for five years from 1938 to 1942 whenever the mosquito in nature had occasionally been collected in every summer season for the virus isolation from 1933 to 1937 (Mitamura, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) . In Tokyo the isolation of JBE virus was undertaken from the mosquite collected in nature in the summer-months during the period from 1945 to 1947. Furthermore the survey on the seasonal occurrence of mosquitoes in nature throughout the year and the infectivity of the mosquito with JBE virus have been followed up since 1948, (11, 12, 13, 14, 15) and the zoophilia of each species of mosquitoes was investigated as well.
In this paper the seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes in Tokyo and the zoophilia of mosquitoes were described and the virus isolation from the mosquito and the relationship . between the mosquito and JBE virus will be published in the next report.

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