アジアは，安い労働力の提供地から，豊かな中産階級を抱える魅力的な内需を有する市場へと変貌してきた。企業にとって，アジアでの拠点を単機能の生産拠点から，より多角的な視点を持つ事業拠点へと変える必要がある。

　ハーバード大学の

教授らによると，企業の存在意義は長期的に持続可能な形で地域社会を含む広いステークホルダーへ共通価値を創造（Creating Shared Value）することにある。

　日立も，製品の生産，販売，保守などで現地企業と協力するなど，現地で行う活動を広げている。グローバルにガバナンスする真のグローバル企業となり，日立の目指す価値をお客様・パートナーと共に創りあげる努力をする中で，諸々の課題に直面している。グローバルに活躍できる人財の育成・確保，海外で社会インフラを受注するための官民連携，大規模ファイナンスの組成，国内産業集積の維持などである。いずれも試行錯誤中であるが，問題提起しておきたい。

抄録全体を表示

一麴，二酛，三造り，と言われるとおり，日本酒製造において麴造りは最も大切な工程である。筆者らは，GUSレシステムを活用した菌糸体可視化法を開発するとともに質量分析イメージングを適用することで，製麴中の麴菌の破精込とグルコース分布との相関について解析を行った。米麴品質を理解するための新たな可視化技術について解説いただいた。

抄録全体を表示

多くの中山間地域では，生活する上で自家用車が必要不可欠であり，自身で車を運転することが難しく，身近に同乗を依頼できる相手がいない場合，移動に多大な困難を伴う。地方行政の財源が限られている中，十分な交通手段を地域で確保するためには地域独自の交通サービスを構築する必要がある。住民がドライバーを担い，需要に応じて利用者を送迎する仕組みの導入を模索する地域が増えつつある中，配車の手配や運行管理といった業務を省力化するツールとしてICTの活用に期待が高まっているが，実践例は少ない。

本稿では，ICTを活用した地域独自の交通サービスを構築し，交通空白地問題を解消ないし軽減している先進的な事例地において，調整役を果たした実務者を対象に聞き取り調査を実施し，どのようにサービスの導入を進めてきたのか，導入過程における技術利用上の課題は何かを明らかにした。導入当初，高齢者を中心としたサービスの利用者にとって（1）決済システムがクレジットカードのみであること，（2）インターネットやアプリの使用が前提となっていることが利用拡大を阻む主な課題としてあったが，システム上の変更に加え，各ドライバーが車内での現金収受に対応することや，近隣住民らが機器を代理で操作する等の協力体制を地域で構築することで克服していることが分かった。

抄録全体を表示

Local railway management is facing severe problems in Japan. Especially in rural areas, the number of rail users has decreased since the 1970s not only because of depopulation but also because of rapid motorization. Therefore, many local railway companies have decided to abolish lines that are unprofitable under such difficult conditions. However, although public investment by a municipality is considered indispensable for supporting local railways, research is lacking on the non-market value of local railways as an authority of public investment. It is therefore necessary to clarify certain social situations in relation to the conditions caused with-without and before-after political actions based on a basic policy evaluation. However, this analysis is difficult because local railways as common social capital are highly probable to possess both market and non-market values.
In this study, we examined the Hitachi Railway System, which was abolished six years ago, and considered the influence of this abolition on factors such as residents' means of transportation, lifestyles and outlooks. To understand these issues, we conducted a questionnaire survey by mail for a part of residents living near the railroads in rural areas in November 2010. The main items in the questionnaire were concerned with 1) individual attributes of respondents, 2) frequency of travel before the abolition of the railway, 3) possible and actual alternate means of transportation, 4) possible and actual increase or decrease in the frequency of outings, 5) possible and actual increase or decrease in compensation for travel, 6) possible and actual perception of the impact of abolition of the railway on the region, and 7) views for and against abolishing the railway before and after its occurrence. The collection rate was 39 percent.
The results of this study were as follows.　First, residents with a driver's license and who used the Hitachi Railway had relatively accurate views about the social situations that resulted from abolishing the railway.　For example, their views on the frequency of people's outings and compensation for travel were more accurate than persons who did not possess a driver's license or who did not use the railway.　Second, there were gaps in transportation convenience with the introduction of substitute or regular buses, and resident views of punctuality.　Approximately 10 percent of the respondents that assumed they would use buses as an alternate means of transportation now use a family car or taxi.　Third, the abolition of the railway had impacts on the lifestyles of residents regardless of their previous methods of transportation or use of the railway.　This suggests that local railways function as a local symbol.　On the basis of these results, a discussion that is not confused by fragmentary information or value judgments is needed to determine whether to continue or abolish a railway.

JEL Classification: R11

抄録全体を表示

In recent years, regional migration has become an important policy theme in Japan from the perspectives of correcting the concentration of population in Tokyo and regional revitalization. Based on the previous studies, not only public policies and institutions but also the “social capital” of the destination region and migrants are considered important to promote migration and support migrants. On the other hand, fans and supporters of community-based professional sports clubs have high social capital, suggesting that they may play a new public role as social public goods. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the use of J. League clubs to promote immigration and support immigrants. Based on interviews with people who have immigrated to rural areas and people involved with J. League clubs, etc., it was considered that the following elements are important to promote and support migration: “community” and “human resources” to connect migrants to local informal networks, and “place” and “content” to expand such opportunities. In particular, the problem is how to procure communities and human resources with “bridging social capital”. On the other hand, it was suggested that supporters of J. League clubs and their communities have bridging social capital, which could be a potential management resource for the development of migration support mechanisms. Based on the above findings and analysis, the authors proposed a “J. League Clubs’ Authorized Welcome Café”, operated in collaboration with J. League Clubs, supporters, and local governments to promote regional migration and support migrants at the “Sports Policy for Japan 2020”, a conference on sports policy conducted by university students held in November 2020. The café will be a “place where anyone can stop by casually”, including not only soccer fans but also local residents and prospective immigrants. If the social capital of J Club supporters can function as a “bridge”, such cafes have the potential to reach a wide range of people. One of the important findings of this study is the potential of J-club fans/supporters to become a management resource for the community when viewed from the perspective of social capital. These findings may be applicable not only to the promotion of migration, but also to the solution of various local issues.

抄録全体を表示

We conducted participant observation, survey of face-to-face interviews and questionnaire, to reveal the system and the problems of a rural foods community. The community was established with 4 categories. 1) promoter (grandma Sayo), 2) core members, 3) support members and 4) visitors. In recent years, many visitors come to the community only to eat low price foods. However, promoter, core and support members hope to enjoy the communication with each other. The community do not have any defined objective and rule how to manage it. Therefore, following 3 factors 1) decide a goal of the activities, 2) establish the situation that the all members can enjoy the activities, 3) establish the situation that the new members easy to join the activities, will be needed to continue the community.

抄録全体を表示

In recent years, many information and data related to transport systems are available, for example traffic counter, traffic detector and electronic toll collection system as road traffic data, smart card data and train/bus operation data for public transportation data, and map information and so on. However, there are also its limitations to use the data especially when the issue contains the needs of data use from several resources, because administrator of transport data is mostly recording at different organizations or transport companies. Therefore, these projects aim to show the possibility of integrating transport data collection system using cloud computing system to improve transport data collection. And this paper shows its applications of the integrated transportation data system for improvements of several transportation issues.

抄録全体を表示