文化祭や体育祭などの

そこで本研究では，高校における合唱祭を対象として①集団内での同化・差異化に関連すると想定される

This paper examines the process of how senior elementary school student visits to Kyūjō (the Imperial Palace Castle) were permitted in the 1920s, and clarifies the importance of these visits to Japan’s national education.

Until the 1910s, only noblemen and those affiliated with higher education institutions were permitted to visit Kyūjō. After that, elementary school principals were permitted to visit Kyūjō, then elementary school teachers. The Young People’s Association was permitted to visit Kyūjō for their efforts in the construction of Meiji Jingu, a Shinto shrine. A request from two school board members (who also were city council members) of Tokyo City for senior elementary students to be allowed to visit Kyūjō was granted by the Imperial Household Ministry. Their aim was to foster children’s admiration for the Imperial Household as a means to improve national education. In 1923, nationwide permission was given for senior elementary school students to visit Kyūjō. In May 1923 and February 1925, children in Tokyo City visited Kyūjō. The Ministry of Education considered children’s visits to Kyūjō an educationally meaningful practice that would cultivate national spirit. Although the visit merely passed through Kyūjō, educators expected it to have a lasting impact on children. One educator even anticipated an enhanced educational effect by influencing children’s innocent minds.

Psychological outcomes achieved by university students as a result of club activities were investigated, and club activities were classified in relation to organizational traits. University students (n=459) participated in Study 1 and (n=193) participated in Study 2. The results indicated that psychological outcomes could be classified into three categories: adjusting to the group, practicing, and growth through events. Adjusting to the group was related to events that cultivated personal exchanges, practicing was related to events that completed practice, and growth through events was related to events associated with facing the self. Moreover, psychological outcomes were related to organizational traits of openness and group formality. Based on these findings, suggestions for achieving efficient group management are discussed.