1. Introduction
After World War II, new junior high schools were established in many municipalities by the reform of the school education system. Later, at the time of implementing the municipal merger of Showa, many of these new junior high schools were consolidated.
2. Purpose
This paper addresses the reorganization process of public junior high schools in the Yamaguchi Prefecture. This paper considers the effects of municipal merger on the integration and abolition of Junior high schools up to 2014. This paper aims to clarify the relationship between the policy municipal merger and the consolidation of Junior high schools in Showa and Heisei.
3. Conclusion
1) In Yamaguchi Prefecture, new junior high schools were established by the pre-war local government bodies according to the policy of Minister of education. In 1949, 229 junior high schools founded in 170 municipalities. At first, the construction of the new school-house was the major challenges for small local government. However, the school-houses were newly built in most of the areas before the municipal merger of Showa.
2) In Yamaguchi Prefecture, the large-scale reorganization of the local governments called “merging municipalities at the Showa era” had been promoted along the policy of government. On the other hand, the policy to reorganize junior high schools didn't established at the time. However, junior high schools were integrated in the many new municipalities after merger. In short, it is assumed that the merging municipalities at the Showa era became a trigger for the junior high school reorganization.
3) The transition of the number of students was classified by its features into 5 periods: before 1962 when the increase and decrease had been remarkable based on the war-damage recovery process and baby boom, from 1963 to 1980 during which time the number of students had rapidly decreased by the population movement in high economic growth period and fertility decline, from 1981 to 1986 during which time the number of students had increased by the second baby boom, from 1987 to 2002 during which time the number of students declined continuously during a period and after 2002 when the municipal merger of Heisei has a profound effect on the school consolidation. The features of the school consolidations differed depending upon the time period.
In Yamaguchi Prefecture, the administrative reactions of every local government to the new school educational system after World War II and municipal merger in the Showa and Heisei periods has greatly influenced on the junior high school management up to the present time.
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