There is a case to be made for organizations adopting ethical norms; it has been shown to be seen as legitimate even when it is symbolic. Institutional isomorphism means that the organization type is the same; it does not necessarily mean that the organizational activities are also homogeneous. In this study, I conduct a comparative analysis of the impact of institutional isomorphism and the diversity of organizational activities using the compliance system.

 The eight companies that were selected vary in size and industry and are isomorphic in terms of their type, but their organizational activities are diverse; these are divided into first-stage activities such as regulations, second-stage activities such as education and training, and third-stage small-group activities conducted at site. Five of the eight companies have brought about changes in their organizational activities in response to past scandals, which are of three types: (1) systems improvement, (2) elimination of misconduct, and (3) company-wide response. However, two of the five companies that had implemented systems development and elimination of misconduct reported yet another incident. The behavior that was reported was not a clear-cut deviation from the norm, and it is highly likely that the individuals involved do not consider their behavior to be deviant or errant.

 While some corrupt practices are clear violations of the norm, there are others that are difficult to categorize as such and fall into a grey area. Hence, there should be diversification of activities within the organization to prevent a range of corrupt practices, which is possible even in an isomorphic system.

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he construction industry has been considered an industry having a significant impact on the global environment, but there is no denying the fact that it has also played a key role in constructing and maintaining the infrastructure. It is now being requested to reform itself to contribute greatly to sustainable development. Recently, as one of the measures for conserving the global environment which could be taken by companies, EMS and EA are being discussed for implementation in England, Europe and the United States and their standardization promoted by international organizations such as EU and ISO. In this respect, implementation of suitable EMS and EA is required soon for the construction sector in Japan, too. We present a draft Environmental Self-assessment Program applicable to general construction companies, which has been developed jointly by voluntary members, staff and managers in charge of global environmental affairs at several construction companies.This draft prograin was developed based on the GEMI being reviewed by ISO, and differences from the ICC 16 principles, Keidanren's 11 principles and Nikkenren's 7 Guidelines were discussed during drafting. We also show steps necessary for effective implementation.

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2015年12月に欧州で発表された政策パッケージであるサーキュラーエコノミーには、持続可能な材料の使用、設計方法、製品の長寿命化等が含まれ、今後のものづくりやビジネスのやり方を大きく変える可能性がある。政策の具体化により家電、自動車等の製造業には新たな規制やサプライチェーンでの対応が必要になる。本政策が持つ可能性とリスクに注目し、製造業が何を理解し、優先的に取り組むべきか等について述べる。

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総合経済団体の事務局にあるレファレンスライブラリーは，対内的にも対外的にも「便利屋」として多様な業務を担い，迅速・的確なサービスに努めている。同ライブラリーの概要，特に人材育成についての考え方，スタッフ教育，訓練の実践について紹介し，さらに，ネットワーク，社会科学系データベース構築の難しさ，コンピュータ化がもたらした弊害，レファレンスサービスの高度化など，最近直面している問題点および課題を述べる。

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This paper discusses the new image of the future of Japanese management by analyzing the consciousness structure of modern students who want to find employment. Currently, in Japan, the movement from the conventional membership type employment system to the job-focused employment is increasing, and the recruiting process is also changing from the simultaneous recruiting of new graduates to the full year recruitment and the job-focused recruitment. We conducted a survey of 102 university students as a research method of the consciousness structure for job hunting.

In conclusion, the strength of Japanese companies can be utilized only if the Japanese lifetime employment system that protects the employment of workers is protected. While maintaining a lifetime employment system, it is necessary to hire job-type employees and build a flexible hiring, training, and treatment system.

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