George Orwell (1903-1950) served with Indian Imperial Police in India under the British colonial rule for five years, from 1922 to 1927. His first novel, Burmese Days, which was published in 1934, is often associated with his experience as an imperial police. This work is in the tradition of A Passage to India (1924) by E. M. Forster (1879-1970) in that both of them describe the difficulty of mutual understanding between the British and the natives What is the most remarkable is that almost all characters in this novel are given animal identifications. For example, Mr Mackregor is "reminded one curiously of a turtle" (25), and Mrs Lackersteen is described as a woman with "a slender hand like that of a newt" (26). As indicated in some studies, many descriptions of tropical rain forests and wild animals appear quite frequently in Burmese Days. According to J. V. Knapp, "human attributes and perceptions … made animal" (J. V. Knapp 14). Douglas Kerr mentions that "in colonial discourse animals are often the object of tropes of European possession and masterly control" (D. Kerr 235). They argue the enormity and violence, pointing out the relationship between the ruler and the ruled. This paper aims to explore the function of animals in this novel, focusing on John Flory related to animal representations and episodes. Those animal metaphors and scenes negatively imply the prediction of his fate. First of all, this paper demonstrates Flory's morality and feeling which are contrary to the English's colonialism, analyzing 'a dog' portrayal and a scene of a buffalo's appearing. Ellis recognizes the natives as "damn black swine" (22) and "the sneaking cowardly hounds" (25) and strongly has imperialistic views that the White is the masters. In contrast, Flory interacts with the natives in Burma in a friend way and with affection, so that he sympathizes with the natives in his inner mind, and has the equal consciousness between the White and them. In the second place, the paper pays attention to a pigeon and a leopard in the hunting scenes. Elizabeth loves Flory who hunted those of the animals. This episode reinforces her cruelty and tacitly shows Flory's own self-destruction in that those killed animals can be seen as himself. That is, the White is relevant to "our [the British's] beastliness to the natives" (37). Furthermore, his suicide displays that his moral minds such as sympathy and familiarity are negatively evaluated in controlling the colonies. What is very remarkable is to regard Flory as animals, even though he is a white man. Whereas the White is often expected to behave following 'pukka sahib,' Flory doesn't consistently hope to do so because "your opinion ... is dictated for you by the pukka sahibs' code" (69). In addition, he recognizes that "we're here to uplift our poor black brothers instead of to rob them" (37). As a result, he suffers from dilemma caught between the white and the natives because he is sometimes compelled to respond to them violently and cruelly. Through the descriptions of Flory related to animals, even the rulers are emotionally and physically governed by the British Empire. The White except him is little relevant to the representations of animals. This fact emphasizes that Flory morally and ethically has conscience.

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Grooves were generated on the surface of the molding when the 3D structures were printed. The grooves were difficult to remove by the abrasive finishing process because the grooves exist inside of the printed structures. When the printed surface was melted and reformed utilizing chemical melting finishing process, the grooves will be disappeared and smooth surface will be appeared. 3D-Chemical Melting Finishing Process can selective surface treatment. In this paper, we investigated the fundamental characteristics of the 3D-Chemical Melting Finishing Process.

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This paper deals with the theme of the development of story units based on Japanese folktales. Each story unit functions in an Integrated Narrative Generation System (INGS), which is the core of our systematic narrative generation study. In this research framework, story units can be positioned as a story technique that generates and expands a story structure in the narrative generation process. This paper focuses on the combination of story units implemented by Common Lisp using a verb conceptual dictionary, which is important for a noun conceptual dictionary in conceptual dictionaries functioning in the INGS. The mechanism enables organically combined processing with other narrative techniques and the use of semantic functions using conceptual dictionaries functioning in the INGS.

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La ≪bestiaire≫ de Flaubert est d'une richesse et d'une diversite impressionnantes: betes domestiques dans Madame Bovary, fauves dans Salammbo, animaux massacres dans Saint Julien, monstres fantasmatiques dans La Tentation. On peut y ajouter tous les ≪personnages≫ animaux, qui tendent a brouiller, par leur figure etrange et chimerique, la frontiere tracee entre homme et animal (le perroquet d'Un coeur simple, le chien de la premiere Education sentimentale et Djalioh, l'homme-singe de ≪Quidquid volueris≫). Les animaux foisonnent egalement dans son dernier roman. Dans leur parcours encyclopedique, Bouvard et Pecuchet se trouvent parfois confrontes au monde animal. Dans la premiere partie, je m'applique a mettre en lumiere la facon dont ils font des animaux le sujet de leurs experiences physiologique et biologique. Les documents consultes par Flaubert pour la mise en scene de ces dernieres renvoient a des contextes epistemologiques historiquement assignables: celui dans lequel Claude Bernard a elabore son discours en faveur des vivisections animales, celui dans lequel Buffon a ete porte a faire une serie d'experiences d'hybridation, etc. Quels sont les presupposes ideologiques inherents a ces experiences sur les animaux que Flaubert fait cruellement ressortir a travers les tentatives des deux autodidactes et sur le mode de la citation parodique? La conception de l'animal qui se degage de leur attitude experimentaliste s'inscrit dans la theorie cartesienne des ≪animaux-machines≫. Or, Flaubert, rassemblant une vaste documentation philosophique, a attache une attention particuliere a la question de l'≪ame des animaux≫, telle qu'elle a ete formulee par Descartes et par des cartesiens comme Malebranche ou Bossuet. Dans la deuxieme partie, je me propose d'analyser une page de la note de lecture dans laquelle il a reuni quelques citations sur cette matiere. Quels elements discursifs a-t-il retenu dans sa recherche documentaire pour les redistribuer dans une forme narrative? Son invention romanesque consiste dans la precision subtile avec laquelle il a articule la question de l' ≪ame des animaux≫ autour de l' ≪hypnose≫. Il deplace la question ≪les animaux ont-ils des ames?≫ vers la question ≪peut-on les hypnotiser?≫, et cela precisement pour joindre deux champs de savoir aussi heterogenes que le magnetisme et la philosophie. La question de l' ≪ame des animaux≫ se trouve ainsi posee au centre des frottements de ces disciplines, au point ou les savoirs se heurtent, se nouent et se denouent.

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There is a demand for canine long-distance navigation. It can extend the search range of search & rescue dogs and increase the exercise opportunity of household dogs. We have shown that on-suit light beams can guide dogs who are trained to follow a light using food and a clicker as a reward. However, feeding machines or people aren’t suitable for long-distance navigation training because the range of canine motion is limited to near them. In this paper, we propose a canine suit equipped with a feeder. We developed a small feeding launcher mechanism that can shoot out dogs’ food with different lengths and widths. The launching mechanism is optimized so that the food can be fed beyond the head of canines during activity. We evaluated whether the feeding launcher mechanism on the suit can fly foods, using a stuffed dog.

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The authors aim at recording and visualizing search results which acquired by rescue dogs. We are trying to record the motion, the position, and the image that the dogs are looking. In this paper, we develop long term usable and search recording devices for rescue dogs. We consider equipments to mount on and the attachment position because the weight may prevent the dog's motion. We also archive simple equipment to dogs by sewing the devices to the dog's vest. Devices can be equipped to dogs, only by putting the vest on. In addition, we examine the optimal position of the camera to film disaster sites that rescue dogs are searching. We evaluated the devices by the experiments with using dogs.

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Critics have regarded Flush as a minor work and have dismissed it as such. This disregard is closely related with two misunderstood motives for writing Flush, which are : originally, Virginia Woo If intended Flush as a "joke" for "distraction" after The Waves, her most experimental work ; in addition, she aimed to write a biography of the Brownings under the name of their dog, Flush. This article attempts to reconsider what motivated her to write Flush. The affairs of the Brownings were well known, especially thanks to the popular drama The Barrens of Wimpole Street (1930). Though Virginia Woolf went to the theatre, she was disappointed with the play. She decided, therefore, to make "it hit harder" by bringing out Flush as a hero, instead of the Brownings. However, Virginia Woolf seems little interested in any biographical data on Flush. She calls Flush a "joke" because she coaxes her readers to laugh though they expect to read a biography of a dog. She sincerely questions what a biography should be, or how to describe a life, which is her obsessive concern. Her belief that Flush can embody her creative vision is the most convincing motive for writing Flush. Although Flush always remains silent while observing what is going on around him, he once betrays his ambition to write just as the poet. Flush is one of Woolf's familiar artist figures who try to bring forth words from silence, or express what is not yet expressed. Therefore, Flush is not an exceptional minor work, but one definite example of Woolf's writings.

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犬の肥満を管理するための食餌は, 理想体重における維持エネルギーの60%量を給与することに基づいて調整されることが推奨されている. 著者らは市販の体重減量用飼料 (減量食) の肥満防止効果を知ることを目的として, 肥満ビーグル犬に給餌し, 適正な給与量と体重の推移を調べた. あわせて, 血液および血液化学検査を行い, その変化も検討した.
犬の肥満を管理するための食餌は, 理想体重における維持エネルギーの60%量を給与することに基づいて調整されることが推奨されている. 著者らは市販の体重減量用飼料 (減量食) の肥満防止効果を知ることを目的として, 肥満ビーグル犬に給餌し, 適正な給与量と体重の推移を調べた. あわせて, 血液および血液化学検査を行い, その変化も検討した.
試験開始前の体重は19.44kgであり, 目標体重を15kgとして食餌療法を開始した. 飼料を慣用飼料から減量食に切り換え, 摂取エネルギーを代謝エネルギー (ME) 700kcal/日から約70%量の506kcal/日に, さらに約60%量の440kcal/日に制限した. 3カ月間の経過をもって患犬の体重は4.5kgほど減少し, 目標体重に到達した. その後も減量食を制限給与している限り, 体重は14.5～15.0kgの範囲で維持された. しかし, 摂取カロリーを試験開始前に戻したところ体重は急速に増加しはじめ, もとの体重に復する傾向を示した.
血液および血液化学検査では試験開始前に異常な成績はみられず, 甲状腺機能も正常であり, 本ビーグル犬は単純性肥満症と診断された. 減量療法中も検査値にほとんど変化は認められなかった. しかし, 肥満の再発と同時に, 赤血球数, ヘモグロビン量および血球容積は低下した. 総コレステロールとβ-リボたんぱくは顕著に増加し, HDL-コレステロールは減少していた. 血清酵素では乳酸脱水素酵素のみ増高していた.
以上の成績から, 食餌療法における推奨給与カロリー量である “理想体重の維持エネルギー×60%” では, 十分な減量効果が得られない特殊な場合もあることがわかった. その場合, 減量前に摂取していたカロリー量は重要な指標になり得ることもわかった. 減量後の肥満の再発は劇的であり, 体重は急激に増加し, 脂質代謝系も著しい変化を受けることが明らかとなった.摂取カロリーの制限を中止した際に生じたこれらの変状は, 減量後のrebound現象と解された.

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This paper describes a method which make sharing search and rescue (SAR) dog's investigation activities. The search and rescue activity will be operated several organizations. Therefore, it is necessary for correct decision making to share SAR dog's investigation. The authors propose a sharing method using widespread high speed communication and interface which can be operated by several operating systems. The proposed methods were evaluated by experiment. In several computers, the sharing and presentation methods were operated simultaneously. From the experiment, there were delays of displaying position data and movie data from camera. Evaluating those delays, delay of positon data is 1.5±0.85 seconds and delay of movie data is 20±6.9 seconds.

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