人類がと思われる記載が残っており, 日本では, 1961年, 荒木らによるブタクサの報告を皮切りに, 疫学, 免疫アレルギーの立場からの解明が始まった. 本人や, 家族にアレルギー体質の人がいる場合, になりやすい可能性があると思われ, 代表的なの原因としては, スギ・カモガヤ・カナムグラ・ブタクサ・ヨモギがあげられる. また, 全国各地のの特徴については, 温度要因に大きな幅があること, 花粉アレルゲンの地域的な分布, 大都市と小都市との相違などが考えられる. 一方, 患者さんの増加理由については, スギ花粉そのものの増加, 大気汚染や, 生活環境の変化, ストレスの増加, 慢性副鼻腔炎の減少が考えられ, 今日のに至っている.

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 2018年にスギ花粉とダニの舌下免疫療法が小児適用となり, 早期からの治療が可能となった. 現在, スギ花粉とダニの各々で2製剤が保険適用であり, 薬剤により維持アレルゲン量に大きな違いがあるが, 小児であっても治療法や投与量は成人と同じである. 筆者はこれまでに1,300例以上 (成人例含む) の治療経験があり, これまで毎年のスギ花粉飛散期の良好な成績を報告してきた. また, 数多くの小児例も治療しており, 小児でも成人と同様のよい効果を期待できると考える. これまでの筆者経験に基づき, 治療年齢の考え方, アドヒアランス向上, 長期休薬への対応, 副反応軽減への工夫, スギ花粉とダニの重複抗原例の治療などについて, 小児例で安全で効果的に治療継続するための重要なポイントを概説した.

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We studied the effect of hyposensitization therapy in 26 cases with Japanease Cedar pollinosis by means of questionaires. Air distributions of the pollens throughout the year were studied for the last 7 years.
The number of the pollens were counted on a 10 mm×10 mm size slide glass e very day.
The results were as follows.
1) Clinical symptoms improved more prominently in the order of nasal obstruction, attack of sneezing, and watery rhinorrhea.
2) The rate of overall improvement was 63.9% for subjective complaints ueder this hyposensitization therapy.
3) Skin test threshold and values of total IgE and specific IgE in serum did. not decrease during the treatments but the values of RAST and RIST were recognized to show seasonal changes, and they increased in spring, and decreased in winter.
4) The number of eosinophils in nasal smear tended to decrease in treated cases more than three years. Positive rate of nasal provocation test was decreased only in cates treated for three years.
These findings showed little correlation to clinical improvement during the treatment.

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は，アレルギー性鼻炎を好発時期によって通年性と季節性に分類し，季節性のうち花粉を原因とするものであり，季節性アレルギー性鼻炎の大部分を占める．従って，はアレルギー性鼻炎の代表的疾患であり，I型アレルギー疾患である．鼻の主徴は，くしゃみ，水性鼻汁，鼻閉で，原因花粉飛散期にのみ症状を現す．「国民病」とまで言われるスギの有病率は徐々に増加し，近年行われた2つの全国的疫学調査では，都道府県別では有病率に違いが認められたが，全国平均すると15％前後であった．有病率増加に関係する因子としては，スギ花粉飛散量の増加，浮遊粒子状物質のアジュバンド効果，住環境や食生活の西欧化，結核症や寄生虫疾患などの感染症の減少に伴うTh1とTh2のアンバランス（Th2優位）などが挙げられる．

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ヨモギに対してオキサトミドの予防投与と発症後投与を行い, 両者を比較して以下の結論を得た。
1.予防投与群では発症後投与群より全般改善度, 有用度が高い。
2.副作用は全例眠気で予防投与群に多く, 投与開始直後に出現することがあるが, 薬剤継続によって徐々に消失する。
以上よりヨモギと同様オキサトミドの予防投与が発症を抑える有効な方法と思われた。

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An epidemiological survey of pollenosis was carried out on 96 farmers engaged in a pear orchard in Toyama prefecture. All subjects were asked about the complaint of clinical manifestations from pollens and examined by the intradermal skin test with pollen extracts. Airborne pollens were collected in the pear orchard using a gravity sampler. The results are as follows. 1. Many pollen grains of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and other grasses were observed in the atmosphere of the pear orchard throughout the late April to May. Almost all pollen grains of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) were found in the late April, although a few of them were detected during May. 2. The prevalence rate of nasal symptoms and ocular symptom of the farmers was about 20%. The peak of incidence of nasal symptoms and ocular symptom was observed in April to June. During these months, artificial pollinations of Japanese pears are carried out and the annual bluegrass pollens were wafting in the air. 3. Positive skin reactions to Japanese pear pollens were observed in 5.4% of the farmers and positive skin reactions to annual bluegrass pollens in 31.5% of them. All the positive skin reactors to Japanese pear pollens also showed the positive skin reaction to annual bluegrass pollens. The positive reaction to annual bluegrass pollens was more common among the farmers who worked more than 11 years than those worked less than 10 years. 4. Nasal symptoms such as sneeze were more common among the positive skin reactors to annual bluegrass pollens compared with the negative skin reactors. The seasonal peak of nasal and ocular symptoms was observed only among the positive skin reactors. These results suggest that the pear farmers were exposed to the pollen grains of Japanese pear and annual bluegrass, and the pollen allergens sensitized them inducing nasal and/or ocular symptoms.

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In order to investigate the family history of patients with cedar pollinosis, a questionnaire study was done in patients who called on our out patients department from January 1986 to April 1987. It showed that: 1) The average age of onset was younger than that in the previous study which was done in our department 7 years ago 2) The average age of onset in patients with positive family history was younger than that of the patients without family history.
Although cedar pollinosis has been considered recessive heredity, our study suggested that many other factors may be involved.

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