品質(TQM)の発展段階は,休暇から覚醒,模索から成熟へと向かう4つ段階に区分できる.休暇段階ではには市場は目に入らず,スウェーデンおよび西欧のは70年代後半までこの段階にいた.日本との品質の格差に気がついた80年に覚醒段階が始まった.そして,今模索段階で試行錯誤が繰り返されている.スウェーデンにおける品質向上への取り組みは,10年前品質サークル(QCサークル)の流行からはじまった.コンサルタントやいわゆる品質専門家に扇動された多くの経営者は,QCサークルさえやれば品質問題はすべて解決できると信じ込んだ.その結果,数年の真の品質改善への取り組みが遅れた.そして,QCサークルは去ったが,今度はいわゆる多くのトレンディ・メソッドが押し寄せた.SPC, QFD, QC七つ道具,"TQM",ベンチマーキング,リエンジニアリング等々である.当然のことながら,これらの方法自体が悪い訳では無論ない.問題はどのようにそれが実行されるかにある.ただ日本で使われているというだけで導入してもうまくいくはずがない.目標もなしに手段だけ用いているようなものである.それでは,どのように成熟段階に到達するか,他の西欧諸国と同様にスウェーデンには,ある種の効率的戦略をもつことが必要と思われる.その4つの戦略とは,信頼関係をベースとしたリーダーシップの育成,階層・職能を問わない強力な教育訓練の実施,顧客の要求を把握し競争相手の動きを注視するマーケット指向の強化,そして,顧客満足とプロセスの改善を目的とした品質改善プログラムの駆動させることである.このような戦略のもとで2000年までには,スウェーデンが成熟段階に達していることを望みたい.

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背景：起床時の疲労感は、ありふれた愁訴であるものの、これまで喫煙と起床時の疲労感との関係については報告されていない。今回、勤労者における起床時の疲労感に焦点をあて、喫煙との関係について検討した。
目的：本研究は、勤労者の男性において、喫煙が起床時の疲労感と関連があるかどうかについての検討を目的とする。
方法：健康質問票を首都圏5社に勤務する270人に配布した。質問票の回答より、起床時の疲労感を従属変数とし、喫煙状況、仕事での精神的負担、仕事での身体的負担、1ヶ月の時間外労働、、年齢を独立変数としたロジスティック回帰分析を行い、オッズ比およびその95％信頼区間を算出した。
結論：今回使用した健康質問票は、主観的な評価であり、起床時の疲労感は特異的な症状ではないが、喫煙者では、起床時の疲労感がある者の割合が有意に多かった。喫煙者の起床時の疲労感は、勤務状況も含めた健康影響のほか、過去の報告からCOPDによる健康影響の可能性が考えられた。

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In this paper, I will try to trace 3 stages of US hegemonic strategy after the Second World War: (1) Modified Imperialism of Cold War era, (2) Neo-liberal globalization of Bill Clinton administration,. (3) New Imperialism(Imperialist globalization) of G.W. Bush administration. I also would like to uncover the reason why such transformation of imperialistic strategy has taken place,and to make clear its impacts, from of Casino economy, to widening a gap between haves and have-nots. One of my focus in this paper is an inquiry to the implication of space dominance strategy of US military, especially US Space Command . I also try to discover how and why Bush administration had wanted to wage a war on Iraq and its aftermath.

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Psychological and physiological effects of 18 kinds of colored lights were examined using a liquid crystal display in a dark environment (< 0.1 lx). The colored lights were characterized with the tones with various lightness and saturation, i.e., the colors named ‘dark’, ‘deep’, ‘vivid’, ‘bright’, ‘light’, and ‘pale’ in the Practical Color Co-ordinate System conditions. To investigate psychological and physiological effects, we used electroencephalography and a simple questionnaire. Subjective evaluations of ‘comfort’, ‘relaxation’, ‘’, ‘tension’, and ‘anxiety’ were conducted using a five-level psychological preferences evaluation. Electroencephalographic and psychological evaluations revealed that the bright tone had a good effect for relaxation. Colored lights with ‘dark’ or ‘deep’ tone enhanced the degrees of tension and anxiety. As regards red and blue lights, ‘vivid’ tone with highest saturation enhanced the degrees of .

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A 59-year-old female with mandibulectomy presented to the Maxillofacial Prosthetics Clinic in Tokyo Medical and Dental University （TMDU） Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry for functional and esthetic rehabilitation. Secondary to right mandibular oral squamous cell carcinoma, she had segmental resection of the right mandible, supraomohyoid neck dissection and reconstruction with a graft from the scapula. A resin-based dento-maxillary prosthesis was fabricated, fitted and adjusted at regular intervals. During the treatment period, the gum-chewing test, masticatory ability test and University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire were used for assessment. The results showed some level of functional improvement. In addition, psychological changes were investigated using salivary cortisol levels as a stress marker. Salivary cortisol was measured twice, at 17 days after delivery of the prosthesis and two years later. Within the limitations of this study, the changes in salivary cortisol levels suggested a reduction in the patient's stress condition.
This case report showed that delivery of a dento-maxillary prosthesis was effective for functional improvement and provided useful data for assessing the stress of dento-maxillary prosthesis wearers after head and neck cancer surgery.

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現在、製品のライフサイクルの短縮化が進んでいる。その要因としてではニーズの多様化などを挙げており、メーカーは消費者にすばやく多様な製品を供給する必要がある。そこで、本研究ではものづくりの流れの中で組立作業に着目し、人による組立作業に関して研究した。従来の組立性評価との違いとして、生体計測による負荷を組立の負荷基準として設定することで、新たな組立性評価の確立を目指す。

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朝日新聞社メディアラボは，新規ビジネスの開発や出資・投資，研究開発などを主なミッションとし，2013年9月に発足した新しい部署だ。発足当初より研究開発（R&D）がスコープにあり，新技術を積極的に取り入れ，将来のビジネスにいかす活動を進めている。近年では自然言語処理への取り組みは新聞社には必要な技術分野として，メディアラボのみならず社内のIT部門である情報技術本部，更には社外のベンチャー

などとともに取り組みを広げている。本稿では，メディアラボの人工知能，特に機械学習や自然言語処理の取り組みについて発足当初の取り組みや，最近の成果を紹介する。

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1) During the pre-war period in Japan, the characteristic industrial relations system with the life-time employment system and the seniority wage system etc. was built up widely among the large enterprises. It obstructed not only the organization of workers, but also the development of labour legislation. The number of organized workers was small and the influence of the trade unionism was very limited. Under these circumstances, the right consciousness of workers was forced to stay very weak.
2) After World War II, the constitution of Japan guaranteed the worker's fundamental rights and a modern labour law system was introduced. They promoted the rapid development of the trade union movement and the modernization of the industrial relations in Japan. However, since 1948-9, the influence of the trade unionism declined under the changing political circumstances, and the reorganization of pre-war industrial relations in large enterprises gradually increased. Enterprise unionism was widely spread in Japanese industry. At least before 1960, the distinctive characteristic of the consciousness of the organized workers was to be found in their dual loyalites to both the enterprises and to the trade unions.
3) The extremely rapid development of the economy during the 1960's and the 1970's changed the industrial structure and invited many changes in the state of employment, including the improvement of the workers' income level and the trends towards higher education in the younger generation. The consciousness of workers who enjoyed the fruit of economic growth has also been markedly changed. Now many organized workers are concerned not only about the wage increases, but also the enrichment of their working life.
Nevertheless, it is worthy to note that the of their right-conscionsness has not been so keen. This fact appears to be connected with the "Japanese industrial relations" and the new trends of trade union movement among the large enterprises concentrating their energy upon the promotion of the productivity and collective bargaining on wage problems at enterprise level. It means that the opportunity for trade union members to take part in union activities is declining and they are forced to be indifferent to their individual rights.

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点滅周期を変化させた色データにおける生理的・心理的影響を検討することを目的に，学生16名を対象に実験を行った．その結果，点滅周期の違いによる脳波のa3分布率および主観評価に有意差を認めた．つまり長周期の点滅周期の点滅光に快適性やリラックス感が高まる傾向を認めた．今回得られた結果により，ストレスに起因する心身の不定愁訴を抱える人々に対し，病院や，教育現場，地域社会において癒し効果の高い快適空間に提供することが可能と考えている．

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The activities of Quality forming in the upper development process which has been tested in Omron Corporation is described. Three major ideas introduced in this paper were developed based upon failure causes, Human error, Organizational fault and Surroundings change. FMEA (Failure Mode Effective Analysis) is introduced as very powerful tool for Human error. But there is an issue that FMEA consumes a lot of time and the output is heavily depending on engineer's skill. To avoid poor FMEA output, compact Quality Intelligent Database which is integrated into 60 essential acquaintance has been formed from various failure and fault data in the past applying failure analysis and failure mechanism theory. SPI2 (Systematic Process Improvement & Innovation activity specially used in Omron Corporation, which is the extension of SPI: Software Process Improvement) is reported as effective approach against Organizational fault and 3C (Customer, Company and Competitor) evaluation is used as assistance for Surroundings change. At the end of this paper, whole picture of Omron's Quality improvement activities is stated as reference.

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