ICUに入院中の患者のストレス緩和にを活用している施設があるが，患者と同じ空間・時間に同じを聴く看護師に，自分自身や患者へのの影響をどのように感じているか明らかにした研究は充分ではない．そこで本研究は患者と同じ空間・時間に同じを聴くICU看護師が，の影響をどのように感じているか明らかにすることを目的とし，ICU看護師10名に半構造化面接を行った．その結果，看護師が実感した患者への影響は【によってもたらされる患者の日常性と心身の回復】【患者に対するの効果への疑問や否定】の２カテゴリー，看護師自身への影響は【患者へのによってもたらされる看護への活力】【に対する不快ではない感覚】【の存在に対する気にならなさ】【患者の反応から芽生えるの効果への期待】の４カテゴリー，によって引き起こされる患者と看護師の関係は【によって引き起こされる患者－看護師間のやりとり】の１カテゴリーが生成された．

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In order to clarify (1) the most suitable sound level for hearing and (2) suppression of noise by , I studied the influences of background music () on EEG and pulse and respiration rates. Subjects were seven health men ranging in age from 20 to 26 years. They attended to 3 experimental sessions on 3 different days. On the first day they were exposed for 1 hour to (1) 50∼60 db, (2) 60∼70db, and (3) 70∼80db respectively. On the second day to (1) white noise 90 db, (2) white noise 90 db+ 70∼80 db, and (3) white noise 90 db+ 80∼90 db. And on the third day to (1) white noise 65 db, (2) white noise 65 db+ 50∼60db, (3) white noise 60 db+ 60∼70 db, and (4) white noise 65 db+ 70∼80 db, for 30 minutes respectively. The subjects sat in an electrically shielded and sound-proof chamber which was kept at a constant temperature and humidity. EEG from left and right frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital areas were recorded monopolarly by a 12-channel electroencephalograph. The EEG was visually evaluated except that the alpha wave from the occipital area was measured. At the same time pulse and respiration rates were recorded. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The alpha wave more increased with 50∼70 db than without , but it decreased with 70∼80 db significantly. 2) In comparison between white noise 90 db and white noise 90 db+ 70∼80 db, the alpha wave of the examinees increased significantly in the latter. 3) In comparison between white noise 65 db and white noise 65 db+ 70∼80 db, the latter produced a significant increase of the alpha wave. 4) Pulse and respiration rates increased with stimuli of either white noise or , but the pulse rate tended to decrease more with white noise+ stimuli than with mere white noise. 5) seems to be effective on the human body with its proper use.

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In this paper, we describe a discussion on the facilitation of work in the school library using

(Back Ground Music) such as classical music, pops and jazz, etc.. We conducted experiments assuming two kinds of work. That is reading work and calculating work. In the survey by questionnaire after these works, we obtain an evaluation that it is easier to work when there is

BGM

than when there is not

BGM

. However, even in the presence of

BGM

, we could not confirm the tendency of the amount of reading and calculating work to improve. This is presumed that because the presentation time of

BGM

was short, subjects concentrated on the presented

BGM

, which affected work. In the future, we will reconsider the presentation time of

BGM

, and we will further investigate.

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背景 : 音楽のもつリラクセーション効果やストレス軽減効果から, 医療現場でも

が活用されている. 本研究は, 聴き手の精神的健康状態と状況, の嗜好性の関連を検証し, 医療現場における効果的な選択に関し検討した.  方法 : 大学生を対象にCES-Dと, の嗜好に関する質問で構成する質問紙調査を実施した (有効回答数100名).  結果 : 抑うつ傾向の高い人ほどの嗜好性が低く (p<0.05), オルゴール, 自然の音, 陽気で楽しげな曲, 情熱的で激しい曲は聴き手の状況により, 嗜好性が異なった. また, 元気を出したいときほど速いテンポ, 不安なときや夜眠れないときほど遅いテンポを好む傾向にあった (p<0.0001).  結論 : 聴き手の精神的健康状態, 置かれた状況によっての嗜好性は異なることが明らかとなった. 病院内の環境や患者の状況により, のテンポや音の種類, 曲想を考慮する必要性がある.

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聴取自体を目的とせず流される音楽である

の効果については肯定的な報告と否定的な報告があり，十分に検証されていない。また，には聴取者自らが流す場合と他者が流す場合とがある。その違いはに対する態度やの効果に関わる重要な要因であるが，これまであまり取り上げられていない。本研究では，の効果に関する研究の一環として，他者が選定すると自ら流すに対する各態度間および音に対する敏感性との関係について質問紙調査を行った。98名の回答に対して因子分析を行った結果，「他者選定への否定的態度」「認知的課題遂行時の利用」「気分に合わせた音楽聴取」「職場への肯定的態度」の4因子が抽出された。これら4因子と聴覚過敏性との相関を調べた結果，①聴覚が過敏である者ほど他者選定に対して否定的であること，②気分に合わせた音楽聴取をする者ほど認知的課題遂行時にを用い，職場でのに好意的であること，③認知的課題遂行時の聴取は聴覚過敏性が中位の者で最も少ないことが示された。

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バックグラウンドミュージック () が，自由再生における文脈依存効果を生じさせるか否か，また生じさせる場合どのように生じさせるかを，2つの実験によって調べた．総勢160名の大学生が，20個の単語を符号化した．符号化の最中には，4種類のうちの1曲をとして流した．符号化した単語の30秒後の自由再生時には，符号化時と同じ(同文脈条件)あるいは異なる(異文脈条件)を流した．実験1は，学習意図×反復回数×文脈の効果を検討し，実験2は，偶発学習条件における提示速度×文脈の効果を検討した．依存効果は偶発学習条件で生じたが(実験1・2)，意図学習条件では生じなかった(実験1)．文脈依存効果が生じた偶発学習条件において，1回提示後では有意な文脈依存効果が生じたが，2回提示後では生じなかった．また，4秒提示後と8秒提示後の両方で，有意な文脈依存効果が生じた．本結果は，(a) 自由再生における文脈依存効果が意図学習では生じにくいこと，(b) 反復や提示速度など項目強度の規定因が，依存効果の大きさを増加させないことを示している．

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In previous studies, genuinely silent sound environment was created using sound masking at a Polytechnic College library. In the research, one user commented “I can concentrate better when there is music that I like being played rather than being in a completely silent environment”. From these results, we suggest that the possibility is as follows. Sound environment that is “comfortable” for users improves their concentration and eventually promotes educational and research effects in library utilization. We conducted the preliminary investigation on recognition of Back Ground Music (

) in library. As a result, we confirm the following trends regarding recognition of

BGM

in college libraries.

・

has the effect of enhancing concentration and relaxation for personal learning and reading.

・ Music focused on melody and harmony is preferable as

, whereas music focused on vocals is dispreferred.

Based on these results, we conducted an auditory experiment on

. In the experiments, users performed reading and calculation tasks in the library. The results showed that subjects found reading and numerical tasks easier to perform when there is

BGM

. In addition, no clear correlation was found between

BGM

that subjects found easier to work with and their personal taste in music. In this paper, we will discuss the preliminary survey described above and the auditory test. Subsequently, we will discuss developing a sound environment in a library that heightens users’ power of focus and promotes work.

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The study evaluated and compared the differences of glucose responses, incremental area under curve (IAUC), glycemic index (GI) and the classification of GI values between measured by biochemical analyzer (Fuji automatic biochemistry analyzer (FAA)) and three glucose meters: Accue Chek Advantage (AGM), BREEZE 2 (), and Optimum Xceed (OGM). Ten healthy subjects were recruited for the study. The results showed OGM yield highest postprandial glucose responses of 119.6 ± 1.5, followed by FAA, 118.4 ± 1.2, , 117.4 ± 1.4 and AGM, 112.6 ± 1.3 mg/dl respectively. FAA reached highest mean IAUC of 4156 ± 208 mg × min/dl, followed by OGM (3835 ± 270 mg × min/dl), (3730 ± 241 mg × min/dl) and AGM (3394 ± 253 mg × min/dl). Among four methods, OGM produced highest mean GI value than FAA (87 ± 5) than FAA, followed by and AGM (77 ± 1, 68 ± 4 and 63 ± 5, p<0.05). The results suggested that the AGM, and OGM are more variable methods to determine IAUC, GI and rank GI value of food than FAA. The present result does not necessarily apply to other glucose meters. The performance of glucose meter to determine GI value of food should be evaluated and calibrated before use.

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課題の取り組みに対するの効果に関して先行研究の結果は一貫していない。市村・平井・水野 (2022) では，課題中に聴くを自己選択することで，音楽的要素に関わらず，内発的動機づけが高まることが示唆された。本研究では，の選択肢となる音楽の感情価 (Happy条件・Sad条件) を操作し，いずれの条件でも同様に自己選択の効果がみられるかを検討した。大学生148名にオンライン実験を行った。参加者はHappy条件またはSad条件に割り当てられた。また，課題中のを自己選択する条件，ランダムに選択される条件，なしの条件の3条件で持続的注意課題を行った。実験の結果，内発的動機づけにおいて自己選択の主効果がみられ，自己選択条件，ランダム条件，なし条件の順で高かった。一方，感情価の主効果および交互作用は見られなかった。内発的動機づけに対してはの感情価よりも，を自己選択するかどうかの影響が大きいと考えられる。

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This paper describes an automatic creation technique of background music track data for given video file. Our proposed system is based on a novel synthesizer, called “Matrix Music Player”, which can produce 3125 kinds of high-quality contents by dynamically mixing 5 audio files, which are freely selected from total 25 audio waveform files. In order to retrieve appropriate mixing patterns, we have constructed an acoustic analysis database, which records acoustic features of total 3125 synthesized patterns. Developing a video analyzer which generates image parameters of given video data and converts them to acoustic parameters, we will access the acoustic analysis database and retrieve an appropriate synthesized signal, which can be included in the audio track of the source video file. Based on our proposed method, we have tried synthesis experiments using several around 20-second video clips. The automatically inserted audio streams for all of our given video clips have been objectively acceptable. In this paper, we describe briefly our proposed synthesized method and its experimental results.

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  In order to examine the effects of music on mood, we administered a survey to patients awaiting the preparation of their prescription medicines in pharmacy lounges. Two pharmacies took part in this study, both of which are in a metropolitan area treating fewer than 100 prescription sheets per day. Two hundred and fifty-two patients were divided into two groups: one group listened to background music () while waiting (n=111) and the other did not listen to (n=119). The questionnaire included items assessing mood, present state of health, and demographic information like gender and age. After excluding incomplete questionnaires, 230 patients were included in our final sample for further statistical analysis. was involved in decreasing feelings of fatigue and increasing feelings of vigor in patients with poorer health. This trend was more evident in female patients than in male patients. Using multiple regression analysis, we found that, in addition to , environmental factors such as light level and noise level significantly affected mood. In conclusion, alleviates uncomfortable moods caused by illness, particularly among females in poor health.

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Ascochyta blight (AB) and botrytis grey mould (

) are the most devastating fungal diseases of chickpea worldwide. The wild relative of chickpea, C. reticulatum acc. ILWC 292 was found resistant to whereas, GPF2 (Cicer arietinum L.) is resistant to AB. A total of 187 F₈ Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) developed from an inter-specific cross of GPF2 × C. reticulatum acc. ILWC 292 were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for resistance to AB and . RILs along with parents were evaluated under artificial epiphytotic field/laboratory conditions for two years. Highly significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed for reaction to both pathogens in both years. Parents and RILs were genotyped-by-sequencing to identify genome wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). A total of 1365 filtered and parental polymorphic SNPs were used for linkage map construction, of which, 673 SNPs were arranged on eight linkage groups. Composite interval mapping revealed three QTLs for AB and four QTLs for resistance. Out of which, two QTLs for AB and three QTLs for were consistent in both years. These QTLs can be targeted for further fine mapping for deployment of resistance to AB and in elite chickpea cultivars using marker-assisted-selection.

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　物語のシーンにおける登場人物の感情状態と，

の関係性は未だ明らかではない．しかし，この関係性が明らかになれば，物語のシーンに適した の自動選択システムや の自動生成システムの構築に活用できると考えられる．そこで本研究では，AI による自動生成が特に進んでいるゲームを題材とし，その中でも物語性が強くかつ人気を博しているという理由からRPG を対象とし， 自動選曲システムの構築を目標としたデータ作成を行った．具体的には，あるシーンの登場人物の感情状態への評価付けと， に対する音響特徴量の抽出行うことで477 シーンをデータ化し対応関係を分析した．

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背景音楽（）を用いた記憶の文脈依存効果の研究では、のテンポが実験参加者の覚醒度に影響し、それが記銘時と再生時で一致すると記憶成績が向上することが示唆されている。しかし、感情価に影響すると考えられるの調の効果については充分に検討されていない。そこで本研究では、調とテンポ以外のの特徴を統制するため、記銘時と再生時で同一楽曲を用い、調（長調／短調）とテンポを変化させ、偶発学習の自由再生における成績を比較した。その結果、記銘時と再生時とで調が一致する条件（長調）では調が異なる条件よりも成績が良かったが、テンポが一致するかどうかでは差が見られなかった。また再生時の気分評定の結果から、長調の場合には活動的快が高く、今回の実験では快感情が自由再生を促進している可能性が示唆された。

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Bacillus subtilis Marburg 168 is a unique platform for genome engineering and genome synthesis. Genome scale DNA sequences can be synthesized by repeated integration of small DNA segments in the B. subtilis genome. The small DNA segments are collectively called dominos, and should cover the target genome. The B. subtilis strains which have been designed for use in the domino method are collectively called

: Bacillus subtilis Genome for Manipulation. The system has been used to produce various genomes in the B. subtilis genome. The synthesized genomes have been demonstrated to be stably maintained as part of the B. subtilis genome. Instability of the synthesized genomes have been observed in genomes with Guanine plus Cytosine contents much higher or lower than that of . The largest synthesized genome produced using this approach to date is that from Synecchosystis PCC6803, a photosynthetic microbe with a genome size of about 3.5 Mbp.

The domino method depends on transformation, using the natural competence of B. subtilis. An alternative DNA uptake system, conjugational transfer, has been studied for the past 20 years. A self-transmissible plasmid named pLS20 has been used for the transfer and delivery of large amounts of DNA between B. subtilis. The

system is a unique platform for handling very large amounts of DNA from synthesis to dissemination to other cells, and has broad applications in research and practice.

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Allometric models to estimate the aboveground mass AGM, belowground mass and total mass TM of juvenile trees (stem diameter at breast height DBH ≤ 5 cm, tree height H ≥ 30 cm) in open-canopy terra-firme forests after wind disturbance were developed in the Amazon. For comparison, the allometric models were also developed for a closed-canopy terra-firme forest. After six models had been compared in each forest type, the model with diameter at ground basis DGB and H was selected as the best for estimating AGM and TM, and the model with diameter at ground basis DGB as a single variable was selected as the best for estimating considering the adjusted coefficient of determination and standard deviation of the mean. Models based on the diameter at breast height DBH showed poor correlation with each biomass component compared with those based on DGB for the open-canopy forest. The juvenile trees in the open-canopy forest showed higher AGM and H at a given DGB than in the closed-canopy forest, while the DGB – relationships did not differ significantly between the open- and closed-canopy forests. It was concluded that the allometric models used to estimate AGM and TM were unique to each forest type. This would be because light-demanding species show higher allocation to AGM than to be advantageous for competition for light by achieving rapid growth in height.

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本研究は、鶴舞地区における自動運転の実証実験を対象とし、自動運転車における空間特性と乗客によるコミュニティの形成について検証することを目的とする。自動運転車における照明の各色温度と

の各テンポに対する乗客の意識と発話、会話の特徴を把握するために照明実験と実験をおこなった。乗客は乗車後にスマートフォンを用いてアンケートに回答した。また、車内に設置されたドライブレコーダーおよびICレコーダーより、乗客の会話を録画、録音した。実験では、のテンポを選定するため、テンポ選定実験をおこなった。テンポの好みととしての適切さによる影響を減らすため、[120bpm]と[180bpm]を用いて実験をおこなった。実験から、テンポの速いは時間が短く感じ、空間を楽しいと感じていることがわかった。テンポの遅いは読書や休憩といった一人の行為、テンポの速いは雑談や会議といった複数人の行為や通勤・通学といった行為をおこないやすいと感じていることがわかった。また、テンポの速いが会話が多いことがわかったのでが会話を促したと考えられる。

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Objectives: We investigated whether playing background music (

) in the workplace had any effects on overtime hours. Methods: In 15 workplaces, we used a crossover design and alternated between 2 months with and without for 8 months. Using the attendance management records of the company, we documented overtime hours during the observation and the previous year. was played at the end of working hours (A), from 15:00 to the end of work (B), and from beginning to the end (C) in each of the five arbitrarily selected offices. To evaluate the effect on overtime hours, we used a paired t-test to compare the mean overtime between periods with and without and repeated analysis of variance to compare the changes in the trend of overtime in the same months between the observation year and the previous year by an interaction effect. Results: Patterns A, B, and C consisted of 625, 536, and 573 employees, respectively. The mean overtime hours for 4 months were significantly decreased in one (−4.3%), two (−19.2% and −10.7%), and three (−11.8%, −16.8%, and −4.4%) offices, respectively. Furthermore, the trend of overtime between the observation year and the previous year significantly changed in one (1/5), one (1/5), and three (3/5) offices, in patterns A, B, and C, respectively. Conclusions: There were offices that showed less overtime when playing , particularly the entire day, than when was not played. This pilot study suggests that conducting more extensive research in this area is worthwhile.

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文脈依存効果は，偶発学習された単語の自由再生でのみ報告されていた。本研究は文脈依存効果が，意図学習された単語の再認でも生じるか否かを調べた。文脈（同文脈，異文脈）×提示速度（1.5秒，3.0秒）の2要因実験参加者間計画を用い，大学生64名をランダムに4群に割り当てた。は，実験参加者にとって未知となるものを用いた。個別実験で，実験参加者はを聞きながら，40個の単語リストの提示を受け，各単語を1項目ずつ学習した。5分間の遅延期間の後に，ディストラクターを含む80個の単語の再認を行わせた。その際，SC条件では学習時と同じ，DC条件では学習時とは異なるを流した。その結果，提示時間に関わらず再認弁別（CRS）において，有意な文脈依存効果が生じた。この結果は，未知のの場合において，意図学習された単語の再認弁別でも文脈依存効果が生じることを示している。

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