The pelarographi behavior of cadmium, copper(II) and manganese(lI) in orthophosphate solution was studied qt ionic strength O.5 adjusted with sodium perchlorate.
The reversible two electron waves were obtained in the pH ranges from 2 to 10 for the cadmium and copper systems, and from 5.2 to 6.5 for the manganese system.
For the cadmium and copper systems three kinds of complexes, M(HPO4), M(HPO4)2, M(HPO4)s and for the manganese system two kinds ef complexes M(HPO), M(HPO), were observed, and their stability constants were calculated by DeFord-Hume s method. The logarithms f the overall stability constants at 25 were 3.0, 3.9, 5 for cadmium complexes, 4.7, 6.6, 7.5 for opper complexes and 2.9, 4.2 for manganese complexes.

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The family of Willmore immersions from a Riemann surface into $S^{n+2}$ can be divided naturally into the subfamily of Willmore surfaces conformally equivalent to a minimal surface in $\mathbb{R}^{n+2}$ and those which are not conformally equivalent to a minimal surface in $\mathbb{R}^{n+2}$. On the level of their conformal Gauss maps into $Gr_{1,3}(\mathbb{R}^{1,n+3})=SO^+(1,n+3)/$ $SO^+(1,3)\times SO (n)$ these two classes of Willmore immersions into $S^{n+2}$ correspond to conformally harmonic maps for which every image point, considered as a 4-dimensional Lorentzian subspace of $\mathbb{R}^{1,n+3}$, contains a fixed lightlike vector or where it does not contain such a “constant lightlike vector”. Using the loop group formalism for the construction of Willmore immersions we characterize in this paper precisely those normalized potentials which correspond to conformally harmonic maps containing a lightlike vector. Since the special form of these potentials can easily be avoided, we also precisely characterize those potentials which produce Willmore immersions into $S^{n+2}$ which are not conformal to a minimal surface in $\mathbb{R}^{n+2}$. It turns out that our proof also works analogously for minimal immersions into the other space forms.

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水溶液中のビスマス(III)のシクロヘキサンジアミン四酢酸(CyDTA),ジエチレントリアミン五酢酸(DTPA),オキシエチルエチレンジアミン三酢酸(EDTA-OH),およびグリコールエーテルジアミン四酢酸(GEDTA)錯体の安定なpH 領域,組成,見かけの安定度定数およびモル吸光係数を紫外分光光度法により求めた。いずれもビスマス(III)とアミノポリカルボン酸とのモル比は1:1の一種であった。またあるpH領域ではプロトン錯体およびヒドロキン錯体が生成すると推定された。イオン強度0.50,20℃におけるCyDTA,DTPA,EDTA-OHおよびGEDTA錯体(BiX)の見かけの安定度定数logKBixはそれぞれ23.79,29.77,21.85および23.77の値を得た。またこれら錯体のモル吸光係数はそれぞれ,吸収極大波長267,277,260および270mμ で8.70,8.94,8.16,8.18×103であった。pH4.5でビスマス(III),DTPA錯体の280mμ における吸収を利用すれば,ビスマス(III)イオン0.6～13ppmの範囲で濃度と吸光度の間に直線関係が見られ,ビスマスの定量が可能である。鉄(III),ウラン(IV),バナジウム(V),銅(II),および水銀(II)は妨害する。

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ほろほろ鳥卵および鶏卵について, 約2週間夏季室温貯蔵 (28℃±2℃), 冷蔵庫貯蔵 (4℃～8℃) を行い, 貯蔵期間中の重量減, H.U., 卵黄係数, pH等について測定を行い貯蔵中の両卵の品質変化について検討を行った.結果は次の通りである.
1) ほろほろ鳥卵, 鶏卵とも室温貯蔵において重量減は顕著であった.特に両卵とも貯蔵初期に変化が著しくおこり, 以後比較的ゆるやかであった.冷蔵では重量減の変化はきわめてゆるやかであった。両卵を比べると, ほろほろ鳥卵の重量減%は鶏卵より小であった.
2) 品質判定法として用いられているH.U., 卵黄係数についてみると, 重量減と同様, 室温貯蔵では貯蔵初期において, H.U.の低下, 卵黄係数の減少が顕著に認められた.また重量減%とH.U.および卵黄係数との間には有意の負の相関が存在した.室温貯蔵では, ほろほろ鳥卵に比べて鶏卵の品質低下は大きいと考えられる.
3) 卵白および卵黄のpHについてみると, 室温貯蔵では, 貯蔵初期においてほろほろ鳥卵, 鶏卵ともpHの上昇が認められた.卵白のpHは10日以後, ごく小さいが減少がみられた.この点については今後の検討が必要である.
4) ほろほろ鳥卵の殻は, 鶏卵に比べて厚い.殻の厚いほろほろ鳥の重量減%は鶏卵に比べて小さい.このことから殻の厚さと重量減%との間に相関があると考えられる.鶏卵に比べて重量減%の小さいほろほろ鳥卵の品質低下は, 鶏卵よりゆるやかであり, これは食用卵としての価値を高めるものである.

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加熱時の卵殻の有無が卵黄の性状におよぼす影響について, カードメーターによる破断強度の測定, 卵黄係数の測定, および組織の観察から検討を行い, 次の結果を得た.
1) 卵殻のままで, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80℃加熱を行った場合, 40～60℃加熱卵黄は生卵黄と同様流動状, 70℃加熱卵黄は粘稠状のゲル, 80℃加熱卵黄は粉質状であった.破断強度は, 70℃, 80℃となるに従って大きくなり, 卵黄係数は, 流動性の有無による差をはっきりと示した.また, 40, 50, 70, 80℃加熱卵黄の組織は, 生卵黄と同様, 多面形顆粒構造であった.
2) 60℃加熱卵黄の場合, 破断強度や卵黄係数の低下が認められた.この卵黄は衝撃に弱く, 卵黄膜が除かれていなくても組織構造はこわされ, 球形の卵黄球が散らぼった状態であった.これは古い生卵黄と類似した状態であった.
3) 新鮮卵, 古い卵, 60℃前加熱卵の3種で, ゆで卵と目玉焼を作った.ゆで卵の卵黄は3種ともに, 破断強度はほとんど同じであり, 組織は多面形顆粒構造であった.目玉焼の卵黄では, 古い卵で作られた場合, 破断強度が大きいこと, 多面形顆粒構造がこわされていることを認めた.
4) 古い卵では, 「卵殻外に卵黄を取り出す」ことにより卵黄の組織が変化しやすく, 加熱後の卵黄の性状に影響をおよぼした.

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The influence of pH, temperature and organic matter on the degradation of the lignin-cellulose complex of coconut fibres was studied. Many fungi (deuteromycetes and ascomycetes) and bacteria were isolated from partly decayed coir. The decomposition of the coconut fibres by these isolates was estimated, imitating field conditions. Some fungi of the genera tested were able to partly decompose the coconut fibres after long incubation periods. However, the quick and total decay of the coir wrapper around drain pipes seems to be caused by basidiomycetes only.

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We compared the three methods of β-lactose determination in the dried milk the report of which was recently appeared in U. S. A.
Our result obtained here was that the solution method introduced by B. P. CHOI etc. seemed to be the most reliable method.

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The microstructures of the interface of SUS 27, SUS 28 and SUS 29 stainless explosive cladding steel, 5 Cr-0.6 Mo over-lay cladding steel and SUS 27 roll cladding steel which had been subjected to heat treatments at various temperatures were investigated by microscopy and electron probe microanalyzer, and the correlations between width of decarburized band and carburized band, heat treatment temperature and time were examined.
It was found that the width of decarburized and carburized band could be correlatable by means of the parameter equation of Christoffel-CLirran, P/=-K₁T+logt, or the parameter equation of Larson-Miller, P₂=T (C+logt). For the aluminium explosive cladding steel, exposure to a high temperature for a long time promotes interdiffusion of aluminium and iron, The width of interdiffusion band may be correlatable by Larson-Miller parameter.

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This paper discusses the error estimation of the last-column-block-augmented northwest-corner truncation (LC-block-augmented truncation, for short) of block-structured Markov chains (BSMCs) in continuous time. We first derive upper bounds for the absolute difference between the time-averaged functionals of a BSMC and its LC-block-augmented truncation, under the assumption that the BSMC satisfies the general f-modulated drift condition. We then establish computable bounds for a special case where the BSMC is exponentially ergodic. To derive such computable bounds for the general case, we propose a method that reduces BSMCs to be exponentially ergodic. We also apply the obtained bounds to level-dependent quasi-birth-and-death processes (LD-QBDs), and discuss the properties of the bounds through the numerical results on an M/M/s retrial queue, which is a representative example of LD-QBDs. Finally, we present computable perturbation bounds for the stationary distribution vectors of BSMCs.

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Let D^∞(M,N) be the group of C^∞-diffeomorphisms of a compact manifold M preserving a submanifold N. We give a condition for D^∞(M,N) to be uniformly perfect.

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  Although disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the selection of agents in the case of relapse (escape phenomenon) lacks clear-cut standards. Therefore we investigated the rate and conditions of escape as well as the agents used after escapes had occurred. Outpatients of the Matsubara Mayflower Hospital with a history of DMARD administration during the 4 years prior to May 2003 were studied. Those receiving salazosulfapyridine (SASP) had a high escape rate and those receiving methotrexate (MTX) and bucillamine (BC) had a low rate. The continuous duration of administration was long for MTX and BC, but short for sodium aurothiomalate (GST). BC and Actarit (AR) gradually elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In patients receiving SASP and MTX, a high level of CRP and high ESR was seen 2 months prior to the occurrence of escape and remained unchanged after escape. With respect to the agents used after escape, SASP and BC were substituted with other DMARDs. A combination with other DMARDs was usually administered to patients who had been receiving MTX. Taken together, the present results clarified the characteristics of DMARD escape and will contribute to the appropriate pharmacotherapy for RA.

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  TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes human TNFα. Clinical trials have been persuasive that infliximab is effective and far superior to the conventional drug therapy in various inflammatory diseases. Combination of infliximab plus methotrexate is effective in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who have not responded adequately to traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and has produced significant improvement in clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes. Infliximab is also an important treatment option in patients with active Crohn's disease who have not responded to conventional therapy and in those with this disease who have fistulae. Moreover, infliximab treatment has resulted in effective suppression of ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis and ocular inflammation in patients with refractory uveoretinitis due to Behçet's disease. Thus, biologics targeting TNFα have revolutionized the therapy of inflammatory diseases. Here, the current status of clinical application of anti-TNFα biologics is reviewed by describing the clinical outcome of infliximab and future prospects of biologics are discussed.

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  Although disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the selection of agents in the case of relapse (escape phenomenon) lacks clear-cut standards. We compared the effectiveness in a salazosulfapyridine and then methotrexate (SASP→MTX) group with that in the mothotrexate (SASP+MTX) group after escape phenomenon expression in C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) data. Outpatients of the Matsubara Mayflower Hospital with a history of DMARD administration during the 4 years prior to May 2003 were studied. The CRP level in the SASP→MTX group (n=8) after the escape phenomenon expression showed a decline after 3 months, but no decline was seen even after 3 months the two in the CRP level in the SASP+MTX group (n=10). However, the difference between groups was not significant. The fluctuation in ESR was similar to that in CRP. However, ESR was significantly lower in the SASP→MTX group 20 weeks after escape phenomenon expression. In evaluating treatment effectiveness after escape phenomenon expression in each group, SASP→MTX was effective in 10 and SASP+MTX in 7 patients. Side effects necessitated cessation of treatment in 1 patient in the SASP→MTX group. Treatment continued in 4 patients in the SASP→MTX group and 2 in the SASP+MTX group, even though side effects occurred. It should be borne in mind that combination therapy often has greater clinical benefit than single agent therapy but not always.

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The quaternionic KP hierarchy is the integrable hierarchy of p.d.e obtained by replacing the complex numbers with the quaternions in the standard construction of the KP hierarchy and its solutions; it is equivalent to what is often called the Davey-Stewartson II hierarchy. This article studies its relationship with the theory of conformally immersed tori in the 4-sphere via quaternionic holomorphic geometry. The Sato-Segal-Wilson construction of KP solutions is adapted to this setting and the connection with quaternionic holomorphic curves is made. We then compare three different notions of “spectral curve”: the QKP spectral curve; the Floquet multiplier spectral curve for the related Dirac operator; and the curve parameterising Darboux transforms of a conformal 2-torus in the 4-sphere.

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Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability based on the fixed association between musical pitch and its verbal label. Experiments on AP identification demonstrated extreme accuracy of AP listeners in identifying pitch, influences of timbre and pitch range, and difference in accuracy between white-key notes and black-key notes. However, contrary to the common belief that AP is a component of musical ability, it was found that AP listeners have difficulty in perceiving pitch relations in different pitch contexts, and in recognizing transposed melodies, as compared to listeners having no AP. These results suggest that AP is irrelevant and even disadvantageous to music. Systematic music training in early childhood seems effective for acquiring AP. Possible genetic contributions to AP are undeniable, but evidence for them is inconclusive. There are several AP-like phenomena that do not reach consciousness: absolute tonality, long-term memory of pitch of repeatedly heard tunes, specific patterns of pitch comparison in the tritone paradox, and fixed pitch levels in speech. Contrary to true AP observed as a pitch naming ability, the implicit AP phenomena are widespread among general population.

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