Fritillaria ussuriensis (FU, derived from the bulbs of various species of the genus Fritillaria, including Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.) is used in herbal medicine to treat conditions such as eczema, skin burns, and frostbite. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the anti-allergy effect of . extract (80 mg/kg), orally administered to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, significantly inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction. It inhibited the compound 48/80-induced release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Significant inhibitory effects of the FU extract on IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (1, 10, and 100 μg/mL) were observed in HMC-1 cells. Treatment with FU attenuated PMA plus A23187-induced phosphorylation of all three MAPKs, especially at concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/mL. Further, it (80 mg/kg) led to significant inhibition of mast-cell accumulation in ear tissue at the chronic phase. These results indicate that it inhibits allergic reactions.

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Two novel species of Neolitsea (Lauraceae), Neolitsea kraduengensis Tagane & Yahara and N. vuquangensis Mitsuyuki & Yahara, are described and illustrated. Neolitsea kraduengensis occurs in Phu Kradueng National Park, Loei Province, Northeast Thailand. Neolitsea vuquangensis is in Vu Quang National Park, Ha Tinh Province, North Central Vietnam. Morphological differences of the two species from similar species are presented. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed from ITS sequences supports their distinctiveness. Two phenotypically similar species, Neolitsea aurata and N. vuquangensis, with dense golden yellow hairs on the leaf blades, are not sister to each other.

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本研究では，吉村・小川によって提案された粒子形状を表現する凹凸係数FUを用いて，砂を対象にFUと間隙比および内部摩擦角の関係図を示す。試料はシリカおよび炭酸カルシウムをそれぞれ主成分とする均等係数Ucが1.7以下の粒径幅の狭い気乾状態の6種の砂である。粒子形状は間隙比および内部摩擦角に大きな影響を与えるが，粒子形状のみでなく砂の主成分に依存した粒子の硬度や表面粗度が無視し得ない影響を与えることが明らかとなった。さらに，最上による間隙比と内部摩擦角の関係を活用することで，砂の主成分を考慮したせん断試験によらない任意の密度を有するピーク時の内部摩擦角を粒子形状により推定できることを提案する。

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バーバリーシープ舌の肉眼による観察では、幼および成獣ともに、舌尖から舌体にかけて正中溝が見られ、舌体後方に隆起部が存在し、その表面に巨大なレンズ乳頭が観察された。走査型電子顕微鏡（SEM）による観察では、幼および成獣ともに舌尖表面に先端の尖った中央の主乳頭とその両側に副乳頭を有する多数の糸状乳頭が見られ、それらの間にドーム状の茸状乳頭が散在した。舌体表面では主乳頭は舌尖に比べ大型で靴べら状を呈した。舌体後方外側部には周囲を深い溝で囲まれた有郭乳頭が観察された。上皮層剥離後の結合組織層表面をSEM により観察すると、幼獣では舌尖、舌体ともに糸状乳頭の結合織芯は突起状を示さないが、成獣では多数の突起が見られた。茸状乳頭の結合織芯は、幼獣では開いた花ないしは杯状であるが、成獣では花の蕾ないしは円柱状を呈した。レンズ乳頭の結合織芯は、幼獣では蓮の葉のように平坦で小突起が見られるが、成獣では毛状の構造物が集合し円錐状を呈した。有郭乳頭の結合織芯は、幼獣では成獣に比べ中央乳頭の表面は比較的平滑であった。以上の観察結果から、幼獣バーバリーシープの舌は成獣のそれに比べ全体的に小型であることを除けば、形態的に糸状、茸状、レンズ、有郭乳頭はすでにほぼ完成されていた。しかしそれらの結合織芯の発育は未完成であった。

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Rare-earth elements in a limestone geological standard (JLs-1) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) using phosphoric acid 2-ethylhexyl ester solvent extraction, which had been established for seawater analysis. First, the limestone sample was divided into two fractions: acetic acid soluble (carbonate fraction) and insoluble (residue). A modification of the method was undertaken to achieve quantitative recovery. With this method most of the REEs in the carbonate fraction were quantitatively recovered, except for the heaviest three REEs (Tm, Tb and Lu). The reason for the poor recoveries of the three elements was investigated, but still remained unclear. The mass-spectroscopic interference of BaO with Eu made an accurate determination of both lighter REEs and Eu at the same time impossible. The precision of this method was better than 20%. The data adopted after analytical consideration were consistent with those previously reported.

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Local scour in front of a quay wall due to a jet flow is investigated using a three-dimensional two-way coupled fluid-sediment interaction model (FSM). Numerical results computed using FSM are analyzed and compared with experimental data measured in hydraulic tests. A model parameter involving the sediment transport and the boundary condition of the wall are determined in such a way that the root mean square error of the final seabed profile is minimized for a reference case. The predictive capability of FSM is validated against experimental data in terms of average flow velocity along the jet flow, excess pore-water pressure in the seabed, and final seabed profiles. The effectiveness of filter units against local scour and resulting instability of the wall is demonstrated in terms of excess pore-water pressure predicted using FSM.

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The precise concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) in Japanese Ashibetsu and Taiheiyo coals, in Indonesian Ambalut coal, and in Australian boghead coal have been determined, in order to compare the REE contents of the coals with those of plants and also to obtain further knowledge of the original plants from which these coals were formed. By leaching the coals after ashing using a 10% acetic acid solution, each coal sample was separated into two fractions: an acetic acid soluble fraction, and an acetic acid insoluble fraction. Our results show that three different types of chondrite-normalized REE patterns are observed in the acetic acid soluble fraction of these coals. The acetic acid soluble fractions of the Ashibetsu, the Taiheiyo, and some of the Ambalut coals showed REE patterns identical to those of peat vegetation. Those of other Ambalut coals showed an REE pattern that was similar to that of tree trunks. The boghead coal showed a different REE pattern that was similar to algae, an origin that is also suggested from a maceral study. The REE patterns of the acetic acid soluble fraction can therefore be a useful proxy for determining the original plants that formed the coals.

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北海道の酪農経営は自然立地の特性に応じ,地域的特化のうえに展開している。本稿は,北海道において今日展開されている代表的な草地型酪農の経営的諸特徴を明らかにする。そのため酪農経営を土地利用方式別に草地型と畑地型に類別し,生産構造の比較分析をする。分析した基礎資料は,北海道酪農協会が北海道全域にわたって調査した酪農経営調査個表である。この調査個表から6個の経営特性値を用い線型判別関数分析によって草地型および畑地型の酪農家を分析対象に選定した。分析結果は,(1)草地型酪農経営の特徴は,土地生産性指標からみると,土地当りの乳用牛飼養頭数,産乳量,飼料生産量,酪農収益,農業所得などの水準が低く粗放的であり,労働生産性指標では労働力当りの飼料作面積,乳用牛飼養頭数,産乳量が多く,労働効率が高い。また,乳用牛生産性指標では成牛換算1頭当りの農業所得,収益性が大きい。(2)飼料生産原価ではha当り生産量が多くなるほど低く,しかも畑地型より低くなる傾向を示す。(3)牛乳の生産原価では草地型は畑地型に対し低い。産乳量別では草地型は産乳量(1頭当り)の増加に伴い牛乳生産原価が減少するが,畑地型では草地型に比較するとその減少率が低い。飼料費のうち自給飼料率は産乳量(1頭当り)の増加に伴って減少し,それは畑地型より大きい。(4)平均限界生産力によって経済性をみると,飼料面積の追加的投入による酪農収益の増加額は草地型では畑地型の1/2以下にとどまった。したがって草地型といえども,良質粗飼料の高位生産を基軸に,低コスト生産を可能とする草地型酪農経営を確立することが重要である。

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In Germany the use acupuncture as a medical treatment will not be paid by the health insurance companies. But they will pay for injections, infiltrations and injections in triggerpoints.
An equaly different kind of treatment as acupuncture is the homoeopathy. Homoeopathic medicine will be paid by insurance.
When I inject Homoeop athic medicines in acupuncture points, the treatment and the medicine will be paid by insurance. In my practice I often combine these two methods.
In a practice where only insured patients are treated there is not much time. To shorten the time of treatment I have tried to develop a simple method, thich I would like to introduce to you.

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The Effects of off-bottom clearance on Macro instabilities (low frequency fluctuations of flow) generated by a Rushton turbine in a fully baffled cylindrical flat-bottomed vessel was investigated by laser Doppler velocimetry and a laser sheet flow visualization. The frequency of Macro instabilities depended on off-bottom clearance C, that is, the volume between the impeller and the bottom or the surface. Two frequencies of Macro instabilities above and below the impeller in the range of 0.3D ≤ C ≤ 0.8D showed linear correlation to the off-bottom clearance C, where D is the vessel diameter. However, for C < 0.3D or C > 0.8D, the frequencies did not follow the linear correlation to the off-bottom clearance C.

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An attempt was made to fabricate composite material of an Al alloy matrix reinforced by TiNi shape memory fiber using a hot-press method and to investigate its microstructures and mechanical properties. The analysis of SEM and EDS showed that the composite material had good interface bonding. The stress-strain behavior of the composite material was evaluated at room temperature and 363 K as a function of pre-strain, and it showed that the yield stress at 363 K is higher than that at room temperature. It is also found that the yield stress of the composite material increased with increasing the amount of pre-strain and depended on the volume fraction of the fiber and heat treatment. The smartness of the composite could be given due to the shape memory effect of the TiNi fiber, which generated compressive residual stress in the matrix material when heated after being pre-strained. Microstructural observation revealed that interfacial reactions occurred between the matrix and fiber, creating two intermetallic layers.

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