α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid isolated from
Ulva fasciata showed toxic effects on red tide phytoplankters in a concentration-dependent manner. Among six species tested, raphidophycean flagellate
Heterosigma akashiwo was the most susceptible to these fatty acids, and 50% lethal concentrations (LC
50) of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid were estimated to be 0.58 and 1.91 μg/ml respectively, whereas dinoflagellate
Gymnodinium impudicum and
Heterocapsa circularisquama were highly resistant and no significant toxic effects were observed up to 1,000 μg/ml. Both fatty acids were less toxic to fish (devil
stinger
), zooplankters (brine shrimp and rotifer), and mammalian cell lines (U937, HeLa, Vero, and CHO cells) than
H. akashiwo.
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